Esverdeando a manufatura: dos fundamentos conceituais ao estudo de múltiplos casos
Jabbour, Charbel José C.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132014005000009
Production, vol.25, n2, p.365-378, 2015
Resumo
O propósito deste artigo é analisar a inserção das questões ambientais no contexto da função produção/manufatura (ou operações), a qual é referenciada como a área organizacional que deve liderar a gestão ambiental empresarial. Para tanto, sistematizou-se o referencial teórico sobre o esverdeamento da área de produção, com implicações para o desenvolvimento de produto, processo, gestão da qualidade e logística. Tendo em vista que esse campo de pesquisa carece, ainda, de evidências empíricas, optou-se pela realização de quatro estudos de caso em empresas localizadas no Brasil. Constatou-se que o nível de maturidade da gestão ambiental dessas empresas tende a acompanhar o grau com que a questão ambiental é inserida nas subáreas de produção, principalmente no processo de desenvolvimento de produto. Não obstante, verificou-se, na maior parte dos casos, dificuldade dessas organizações em estruturar a inserção da dimensão ambiental nas atividades logísticas, desafio que pode ser superado com a adoção, por parte das empresas, dos modernos conceitos de green supply chain management. Os apontamentos finais ressaltam o distanciamento observado entre o que a literatura internacional apregoa e a realidade de empresas localizadas no Brasil no desafio de esverdear definitivamente as empresas manufatureiras.
Palavras-chave
Gestão ambiental. Manufatura. Desenvolvimento de produto. Sustentabilidade.
References
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Linking operational and environmental improvement through employee involvement. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20, 148-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570010304233
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management, 20(4), 986-1014. Hervani, A. A., Helms, M. M., & Sarkis, J. (2005). Performance measurement for green supply chain management.
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Hoppen, N., Lapointe, L., & Moreau, E. (1996). Um guia para a avaliação de artigos de pesquisa em sistemas de informação. Revista Eletrônica de Administração, 2(2), 1-34.
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Jiménez, J. B. L., & Lorente, J. J. C. (2001). Environmental performance as an operations objective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(12), 1553- 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570110410900
Kaebernick, H., Kara, S., & Sun, M. (2003). Sustainable product development and manufacturing by considering environmental requirements. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 19, 461-468. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0736-5845(03)00056-5
Koh, S. C. L., Gunasekaran, A., & Tseng, C. S. (2012). Cross- tier ripple and indirect effects of directives WEEE and RoHS on greening a supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 140, 305-317. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.008
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Angell, L. C., & Klassen, R. D. (1999). Integrating environmental issues into the mainstream: an agenda for research in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 17, 575-598.
Azzone, G., Bertelè, U., & Noci, G. (1997). At last we are creating environmental strategies which work. Long Range Planning, 30(4), 562-571. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0024-6301(97)00035-6
Backer, P. (2002). Gestão ambiental: a administração verde (2. ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Qualitymark.
Barbieri, J. C. (2004). Gestão ambiental empresarial. São Paulo: Saraiva.
Bayraktar, E., Jothishankar, M. C., Tatoglu, E., & Wu, T. (2007). Evolution of operations management: past, present and future. Management Research News, 30(11), 843-871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170710832278
Boiral, O. (2002). Tacit knowledge and environmental management. Long Range Planning, 35, 291-17. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(02)00047-X
Borchardt, M., Wendt, M. H., Sellitto, M. A., & Pereira, G. M. (2012). Avaliação da presença de práticas do Design for Environment (DfE) no desenvolvimento de produto de uma empresa da indústria química. Produção, 22(1), 58-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S0103-65132012005000001
Boudreau, J. W., & Ramstad, P. M. (2005). Talentship, talent segmentation, and sustainability: a new HR decision science paradigm for a new strategy definition. Human Resource Management, 44(2), 129-136. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/hrm.20054
Brío, J. A., Fernández, E., Junquera, B., & Vázquez, C. J. (2001). Environmental managers and departmentos as driving forces of TQEM in Spanish industrial companies. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 18(5), 495- 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710110392638
Buchholz, R. A. (1998). Principles of environmental management. London: Prentice Hall.
Buysse, K., & Verbeke, A. (2003). Proactive environmental strategies: a stakeholder management perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 24(5), 453-470. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.299
Cauchick-Miguel, P. A. (2007). Estudo de caso na engenharia de produção: estruturação e recomendações para sua condução. Produção, 17(1), 216-229. http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/S0103-65132007000100015
Clark, K. B., & Wheelwright, S. C. (1993). Managing New Product and Process Development. Free Press.
Corazza, R. I. (2003). Gestão ambiental e mudanças da estrutura organizacional. Revista de Administração de Empresas (RAE-eletrônica), 2(2), 1-23.
Cunningham, J. B. (1997). Case study principles for different types of cases. Quality and Quantity , 31, 401-423. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004254420302
Daroit, D., & Nascimento, L. F. (1998). A busca da qualidade ambiental como incentivo à produção de inovações. In: Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração, Florianópolis.
Donaire, D. (1999). Gestão ambiental na empresa. São Paulo: Atlas.
Fernandez, E., Junquera, B., & Ordiz, M. (2003). Organizational culture and human resources in the environmental issue: a review of the literature. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(4), 634-656. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000057628
Florida, R. (1996). Lean and green: the move to environmentally conscious manufacturing. California Management Review, 39(1), 80-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165877
Fuller, D. A., & Ottman, J. A. (2004). Moderating unintended pollution: the role of sustainable product design. Journal of Business Research, 57, 1231-1238. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00446-0
Ginsberg, J. M., & Bloom, P. N. (2004). Choosing the right green marketing strategy. MIT SMR, 48, 79-85.
González-Benito, J., & González-Benito, O. (2006). The role of stakeholder pressure and managerial values in the implementation of environmental logistics practices. International Journal of Production Research, 44(7), 1353- 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540500435199
Gunasekaran, A., & Ngai, E. W. (2012). The future of operations management: An outlook and analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 135(2), 687-701.
Gunasekaran, A., & Spalanzani, A. (2011). Sustainability of manufacturing and services: Investigations for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), 35-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ijpe.2011.05.011
Gupta, M. C. (1995). Environmental management and its impact on the operations function. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 15(8), 34-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579510094071
Handfield, R. B., Melnyk, S. A., Calantone, R. J., & Curkovic, S. (2001). Integrating environmental concerns into the design process: the gap between theory and practice. IEEE
Transactions on Engineering Management, 48(2), 18- 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/17.922478 Hanna, M. D., Newman, W. R., & Johnson, P. (2000).
Linking operational and environmental improvement through employee involvement. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20, 148-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570010304233
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management, 20(4), 986-1014. Hervani, A. A., Helms, M. M., & Sarkis, J. (2005). Performance measurement for green supply chain management.
Benchmarking: an International Journal, 12(4), 330-353. Hoffman, A. J. (2005). Climate change strategy: the business logic behind voluntary greenhouse gas reduction. California Management Review, 47(3), 21-46. http:// dx.doi.org/10.2307/41166305
Hoppen, N., Lapointe, L., & Moreau, E. (1996). Um guia para a avaliação de artigos de pesquisa em sistemas de informação. Revista Eletrônica de Administração, 2(2), 1-34.
Hunt, C. B., & Auster, E. R. (1990). Proactive environmental management. Sloan Management Review, 31, 7-18. Jabbour, C. J. C., Silva, E. M., Paiva, E. L., & Santos, F. C. A. (2012). Environmental management in Brazil: is it a completely competitive priority?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 21(1), 11-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2011.09.003
Jiménez, J. B. L., & Lorente, J. J. C. (2001). Environmental performance as an operations objective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(12), 1553- 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570110410900
Kaebernick, H., Kara, S., & Sun, M. (2003). Sustainable product development and manufacturing by considering environmental requirements. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 19, 461-468. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0736-5845(03)00056-5
Koh, S. C. L., Gunasekaran, A., & Tseng, C. S. (2012). Cross- tier ripple and indirect effects of directives WEEE and RoHS on greening a supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 140, 305-317. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.008
Kuehr, R. (2007). Environmental technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(13-14), 1316-1320. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.015
Lai, K., & Wong, C. W. Y. (2012). Green logistics management and performance: Some empirical evidence from Chinese manufacturing exporters. Omega, 40, 267-282. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2011.07.002
Lai, K-H., Lun, V. Y. H., Wong, C. W. Y., & Cheng, T. C. E. (2013). Measures for evaluating green shipping practices implementation. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 5(2), 217-235.
Lawrence, L., Andrews, D., & France, C. (1998). Alignment and deployment of environmental strategy through total quality management. The TQM Magazine , 10(4), 238- 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544789810222603
Leonard-Barton, D. (1990). A dual methodology for case studies: synergistic use of longitudinal single site with replicated multiple sites. Organization Science, 1(3), 248- 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1.3.248
Lin, B., Jones, C. A., & Hsieh, C. (2001). Environmental practices and assessment: a process perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 101(2), 71-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635570110384348
Marcus, A., & Fremeth, R. (2009). Green management matters regardless. Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 17-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ AMP.2009.43479261
Martins, G., & Nascimento, L. F. (1998). TQEM:A introdução da variável ambiental na qualidade total. In Simpósio de Gestão da Inovação Tecnológica, São Paulo.
Mross, D., & Rothenberg, S. (2007). Formulating and implementing environmental strategies: A comparison of U.S. and German printing firms. Environmental Quality
Management, 16(4), 55-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ tqem.20141
Polizelli, D. L., Petroni, L. M., & Kruglianskas, I. (2005). Gestão ambiental nas empresas líderes do setor de telecomunicações no Brasil. Revista de Administração – RAUSP, 40(4), 309-320.
Pujari, D., Wright, G., & Peattie, K. (2003). Green and competitive: influences on environmental new product development performance. Journal of Business Research, 56, 657-671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0148-2963(01)00310-1
Pun, K. P. (2006). Determinants of environmentally responsible operations: a review. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(3), 279-297.
Rao, P., & Holt, D. (2005). Do green supply chains lead to competitiveness and economic performance? International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(9), 898-916. http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/01443570510613956
Rohrich, S. S., & Cunha, J. C. (2004). A proposição de uma taxonomia para a análise da gestão ambiental no Brasil. Revista de Administração Contemporânea - RAC, 8(4), 86-95.
Rothenberg, S., Pil, F. K., & Maxwell, J. (2001). Lean, green, and the question for superior environmental performance. Production and Operations Management, 10(3), 228-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2001.tb00372.x
Rozenfeld, H., Forcellini, F. A., Amaral, D. C., Toledo, J. C., Silva, S. L., Alliprandini, D. H., & Scalice, R. K. (2005). Gestão de desenvolvimento de produtos. São Paulo: Saraiva.
Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997). A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 534-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/257052
Sarkis, J. (2001). Manufacturing’s role in corporate environmental sustainability: concerns for the new millennium. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 21(5-6), 666-686. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570110390390
Sarkis, J., & Rasheed, A. (1995). Greening the manufacturing function. Business Horizons, 17-27. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0007-6813(95)90032-2
Simpson, D. F., & Power, D. J. (2005). Use the supply relationship to develop lean and green suppliers. Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, 10(1), 60- 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13598540510578388
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