Em direção a um modelo consolidado para a transferência de conhecimentos entre projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos
Towards a consolidated model of knowledge transfer between product development projects
Frank, Alejandro Germán; Ribeiro, José Luis D.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000083
Prod, vol.23, n4, p.683-694, 2013
Resumo
A transferência de conhecimentos (TC) entre projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos é um processo composto por diversas etapas. Na literatura, há vários trabalhos que apresentam essas etapas e observa-se heterogeneidade nas nomenclaturas e na organização das mesmas. Além disso, existem várias linhas de pesquisa que têm estudado a TC com diferentes propostas para a interpretação desse processo. Em razão disso, este artigo apresenta uma comparação de nove modelos de TC apresentados por autores de diferentes linhas de pesquisas que compõem dois enfoques diferentes: a dinâmica e interação de equipes (enfoque emergente) e a gestão e organização do conhecimento (enfoque de engenharia). Como resultado dessas análises comparativas, propõe-se um novo modelo de TC que apresenta uma reorganização das ideias discutidas na literatura e uma integração das diferentes propostas existentes, de maneira a se obter um modelo completo e consistente. O trabalho também ressalta as contribuições das diversas linhas de pesquisas da TC e as principais diferenças entre elas.
Palavras-chave
Transferência de conhecimentos. Desenvolvimento de produtos. Equipes de projeto. Modelo
Abstract
Knowledge Transfer (KT) between New Product Development (NPD) projects is a process that comprises several stages. In the literature, many works have proposed KT stages, but there is heterogeneity in the nomenclature used in these works and, also, in the organization of the proposed KT stages. In addition, many research fields have studied the KT process, resulting on different interpretation or approaches of this process. Therefore, this study presents a comparison of nine KT models proposed by authors of different research fields that were organized in two main approaches: the emergent approach (which considers the team dynamic and team integration) and the engineering approach (which considers the organization and management of knowledge). The comparison is based on a content analysis of the proposed models. As a result, it is proposed a new model for KT between NPD projects. This model presents a reorganization of the ideas discussed in the literature and an integration of the different existing models, obtaining a more comprehensive and consistent KT model. This study also highlights the contributions and differences between the main KT research fields.
Keywords
Knowledge transfer. New product development. Project teams. Model
References
AKGÜN, A. E.; LYNN, G. S.; YILMAZ, C. Learning process in new product development teams and effects on product success: A socio-cognitive perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, v. 35, n. 2, p. 210-224, 2006.
ALAVI, M.; LEIDNER, D. Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues. Management Information Systems Quarterly , v. 25, n. 1, p. 107-136, 2001.
ANTONI, M. et al. Inter-project improvement in product development. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, v. 22, n. 9, p. 876-893, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/110.1108/02656710510625194
ARGOTE, L.; INGRAM, P. Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v. 82, n. 1, p. 150-169, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2893
BARDIN, L. L'Analyse de Contenu. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1977.
BARTEZZAGHI, E.; CORSO, M.; VERGANTI, R. Continuous improvement and inter-project learning in new product development. International Journal of Technology Management, v. 14, n. 1, p. 116-138, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.1997.001704
BOER, H. et al. Knowledge and continuous innovation The CIMA methodology. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, v. 21, n. 4, p. 490-503, 2001.
COHEN, M. D.; BACDAYAN, P. Organizational routines are stored as procedural memory: evidence from a laboratory study. Organization Science, v. 5, n. 4, p. 554-568, 1994.
COHEN, W. M.; LEVINTAL, A. Absorptive Capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 35, p. 128-152, 1990.
CUMMINGS, J. L.; TENG, B-S. Transferring R & D knowledge: the key factors affecting knowledge transfer success. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, v. 20, p. 39-68, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(03)00004-3
CUMMINGS, J.N. Work Groups, Structural Diversity, and Knowledge Sharing in a Global Organization. Management Science, v. 50, p 352-64, 2004.
DAVENPORT, T. H., PRUSAK, L. Working Knowledge. Boston: Harvard Business Scholl Press, 1998.
DU, R., AI, S., REN, Y. Relationship Between Knowledge Sharing and Performance: A Survey in Xi 'an, China. Expert Systems with Applications v. 32, p. 38-46, 2007.
GUPTA, A. K.; GOVINDARAJAN, V. Knowledge Flows Within Multinational Corporations. Strategic Management Journal, v. 21, n. 4, p. 473-96, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200004)21:4<473::AID-SMJ84>3.0.CO;2-I
HORTON, A.M. A Simple Guide to Successful Foresight. Foresight, v. 1, n. 1, p. 5-9, 1999.
HSU, I.-C. Knowledge sharing practices as a facilitating factor for improving organizational performance through human capital: A preliminary test. Expert Systems with Applications, v. 35, n. 3, p. 1316-1326, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.08.012
KOGUT, B.; ZANDER, U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology. Organization Science, v. 3, n. 3, p. 383-397, 1992.
KONERS, U.; GOFFIN, K. Learning from Postproject Reviews: A Cross-Case Analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 24, n. 3, p. 242-258, 2007a.
KONERS, U.; GOFFIN, K. Managers' perceptions of learning in new product development. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, v. 27, n. 1, p. 49-68, 2007b.
LEWIS, K.; LANGE, D.; GILLIS, L. Transactive memory systems, learning, and learning transfer. Organization Science, v. 16, n. 6, p. 581-598, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0143
LIAO, S.-H.; HU, T.-H. Knowledge transfer and competitive advantage on environmental uncertainty: An empirical study of the Taiwan semiconductor industry. Technovation, v. 27, n. 6-7, p. 402-411, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.02.005
LIU, D-R., KE, C-K. Knowledge Support for Problem-solving in a Production Process: A Hybrid of Knowledge Discovery and Case-based Reasoning. Expert Systems with Applications, v 33, no. 1, p 147-161, 2007.
LIYANAGE, C. et al. Knowledge communication and translation - a knowledge transfer model. Journal of Knowledge Management, v. 13, n. 3, p. 118-131, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13673270910962914
LYNN, G. S.; REILLY, R. R.; AKGÜN, A. E. Knowledge Management in New Product Teams: Practices and Outcomes. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, v. 47, n. 2, p. 221-231, 2000.
MAJOR, E. J.; CORDEY-HAYES, M. Engaging the business support network to give SMEs the benefit of foresight. Technovation, v. 20, n. 11, p. 589-602, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00006-7
MARKUS, M. L. Toward a Theory of Knowledge Reuse : Types of Knowledge Reuse Situations and Factors in Reuse Success. Journal of Management Information Systems, v. 18, n. 1, p. 57-93, 2001.
MARSH, S. J.; STOCK, G. N. Building Dynamic Capabilities in New Product Development through Intertemporal Integration. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 20, p. 136-148, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.2002006
MONTOYA, M.; MASSEY, A.; HUNG, Y., CRISP, C. Can You Hear Me Now? Communication in Virtual Product Development Teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, p 139-155, 2009.
NILSSON-WITELL, L.; ANTONI, M.; DAHLGAARD, J. J. Continuous improvement in product development Improvement programs and quality principles. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, v. 22, n. 8, p. 753-768, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710510617210
NOBEOKA, K.; CUSUMANO, M. A. Multiproject strategy and sales growth: the benefits of rapid design transfer in new product development. Strategic Management Journal, v. 18, n. 3, p. 169-86, 1997.
NOBEOKA, K.; CUSUMANO, M. A. Multiproject Strategy , Design Transfer , and Project Performance: A Survey of Automobile Development Projects in the US and Japan. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, v. 42, n. 4, p. 397-409, 1995.
NONAKA, I. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, v. 5, n. 1, p. 14-37, 1994.
PRENCIPE, A.; TELL, F. Inter-project learning: processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms. Research Policy, v. 30, n. 9, p. 1373-1394, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00157-3
RAMESH, B.; TIWANA, A. Supporting Collaborative Process Knowledge Management in New Product Development Teams. Decision Support Systems, v. 27, p. 213-235, 1999.
RAUNIAR, R. et al. Shared knowledge and product design glitches in integrated product development. International Journal of Production Economics, v. 114, p. 723-736, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.03.005
SCHLEGELMILCH, B. B.; CHINI, T. C. Knowledge transfer between marketing functions in multinational companies: A conceptual model. International Business Review, v.12, no. 2, p. 215-232, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(02)00097-5
SMALLENBURG, K.; HALMAN, J.; VAN MAL, H. H. Towards re-use of knowledge in the concept stage of development. International Journal of Technology Management, v. 11, n. 3-4, p. 343-353, 1996.
SONG, X.; BERENDS, H.; BIJ, H. VAN DER; WEGGEMAN, M. The Effect of IT and Co-location on Knowledge Dissemination. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 24, p 52-68, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00232.x
SZULANSKI, G. The Process of Knowledge Transfer: A Diachronic Analysis of Stickiness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v. 82, n. 1, p. 9-27, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2884
TROTT, P.; CORDEY-HAYES, M.; SEATON, R. Inward technology transfer as an interactive process. Technovation, v. 15, n. 1, p. 25-43, 1995.
TSENG, S.-M. The effects of information technology on knowledge management systems. Expert Systems With Applications, v. 35, n. 1-2, p. 150-160, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.06.011
VAN DEN HOOFF, B.; Huysman, M. Managing knowledge sharing: Emergent and engineering approaches. Information & Management, v. 46, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2008.09.002
VAN WIJK, R.; JANSEN, J. J. P.; LYLES, M. A. Inter- and intra-organizational knowledge transfer: a meta-analytic review and assessment of its antecedents and consequences'. Journal of Management Studies, v. 45, n. 4, p. 815-38, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00771.x
ZANDER, U.; KOGUT, B. Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: an emprirical test. Organization Science, v. 6, n. 1, p. 76-92, 1995.
ZOLLO, M.; WINTER, S. G. Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization Science, v. 13, n. 3, p. 339-351, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.3.339.2780
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email