Relação entre características empresariais e fatores da transferência de conhecimentos entre projetos de produto
The relationship between company characteristics and influence factors of the inter-product project knowledge transfer
Frank, Alejandro Germán; Ribeiro, José Luis D.; Echeveste, Márcia Elisa; Caten, Carla Schwengber ten
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000035
Prod, vol.23, n1, p.95-106, 2013
Resumo
Este artigo apresenta uma análise das relações existentes entre as características das empresas e a importância que estas atribuem aos fatores que influenciam na transferência de conhecimentos (TC) entre projetos de produtos. A análise é baseada num levantamento (survey) realizado com 58 empresas no Brasil. As características estudadas foram: (i) tamanho da empresa; (ii) tamanho da equipe de projetos; (iii) localização das equipes; (iv) número de projetos simultâneos; (v) tempo de duração dos projetos; (vi) grau de inovação; e (vii) complexidade dos projetos. Através de uma análise de aglomerados, foi identificado que as características (ii), (iv) e (vii) são significativas na determinação das importâncias atribuídas aos fatores da TC. Os resultados apontam que as empresas que possuem um perfil de gestão mais complexo enfatizam os fatores de influência pertencentes ao ambiente externo. Já empresas com um perfil de gestão mais simples atribuem maior importância aos fatores internos da empresa.
Palavras-chave
Transferência de conhecimentos. Desenvolvimento de produtos. Equipes de projetos. Características empresariais.
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between company characteristics and the importance that companies attribute to the main factors that have influence on inter-product project knowledge transfer (KT). The analysis was based on a survey carried out on a sample of 58 companies that operate in Brazil. The studied characteristics of the companies were: (i) company size; (ii) project team size; (iii) team localization; (iv) number of concurrent projects; (v) project duration; (vi) project innovation and (vii) project complexity. It was possible to identify, using a cluster analysis, that project team size; number of concurrent projects and project complexity are statistically significant regarding the determination of attributed importance for the KT influence factors. The results revealed that companies that have a more complex management profile are more interested in influence factors of the external environment. On the other hand, companies that have a simpler management profile are more interested in influence factors of the internal environment.
Keywords
Knowledge transfer. Product development. Project teams. business features.
References
ADENFELT, M.; LAGESTRÖM, K. Knowledge development
and sharing in multinational corporations: The case
of a centre of excellence and a transnational team.
International Business Review, v. 15, p. 381-400, 2006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2006.05.002
AKGÜN, A. E. et al. Knowledge networks in new product development projects: A transactive memory perspective. Information and Management, v. 42, p. 1105‑1120, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2005.01.001
AKGÜN, A. E.; DAYAN, M.; BENEDETTO, A. New product development team intelligence: Antecedents and consequences. Information & Management, v. 45, p. 221‑226, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. im.2008.02.004
ALAVI, M.; LEIDNER, D. E. Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly Review, v. 25, n. 1, p. 107-136, 2001. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/3250961
ANTONI, M.; NILSSON-WITELL, L.; DAHLGAARD, J. J. Inter-project improvement in product development. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, v. 22, n. 9, p. 876-893, 2005. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710510625194
AOSHIMA, Y. Transfer of system knowledge across generations in new product development: empirical observation from Japanese automobile development. Industrial Relations, v. 41, n. 4, p. 605-628, 2002. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-232X.00266
BARTEZZAGHI, E.; CORSO, M.; VERGANI, R. Continuous improvement and inter-project learning in new product development. International Journal of Technology Management, v. 14, n. 1, p. 116-138, 1997. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.1997.001704
BEKKERS, R.; FREITAS; I. S. B. Analysing knowledge transfer channels between universities and industry: To what degree do sectors also matter? Research Policy, v. 37, p. 1837-1853, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. respol.2008.07.007
BOURGEON, L. Staffing approach and conditions for collective learning in project teams: The case of new product development projects. International Journal of Project Management, v. 25, p. 413-422, 2007. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.01.014
CHAPMAN, R.; HYLAND, P. Complexity and learning behaviors in product innovation. Technovation, v. 24, p. 553-561, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0166-4972(02)00121-9
CHESBROUGH, H. W. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2003.
CLOSS, D. J. et al. Toward a theory of competencies for the management of product complexity: Six case studies. Journal of Operations Management, v. 26, p. 590-610, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jom.2007.10.003
COHEN, W. M.; LEVINTHAL, D. A. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 35, p. 128-152, 1990. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/2393553
COHEN, W. M.; KLEPPER, S. Firm Size and the Nature of Innovation within Industries: The Case of Process and Product R&D. The Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 78, n. 2, p. 232-243,1996. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/2109925
CORSO, M.; MUFFATTO, M.; VERGANTI, R. Reusability and multi-product development policies: a comparison of approaches in the automotive, motorcycle and earthmoving machinery industries. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, v. 15, n. 1, p. 155-165, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0736-5845(99)00010-1
CORSO, M.; PAVESI, S. How management can foster continuous product innovation. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, v. 11, n. 3, p. 199-211, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010320443
CUMMINGS, J. L.; TENG, B. S. Transferring R&D knowledge: the key factor affecting knowledge transfer success. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, v. 20, n. 1-2, p. 39-68, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0923-4748(03)00004-3
DAVENPORT, T. H.; PRUSAK, L. Working Knowledge. Boston: Harvard Business Scholl Press, 1998.
DU, R.; AI, S.; REN, Y. Relationship between knowledge sharing and performance: a survey in Xi’an, China. Expert Systems with Applications, v. 32, p. 38-46, 2007. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.11.001
EDMONDSON, A. C.; NEMBHARD, I. M. Product Development and Learning in Project Teams: The Challenges Are the Benefits. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 26, p. 123-138, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ j.1540-5885.2009.00341.x
ENKEL, E.; GASSMANN, O.; CHESBROUGH, H. Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon. R&D Management, v. 39, n. 4, 2009. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x
FRANK, A. G.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D.; ECHEVESTE, M. E. Uma análise dos fatores de influência na transferência de conhecimentos entre projetos de produto. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTOS - CBGDP, 8., 2011, Porto Alegre. Anais... IGDP, 2011.
GUIMARÃES, L. B. M. The practice of Ergonomics in the south of Brazil from a sociotechnical perspective. In: SCOTT, P. A. (Org.). Ergonomics in Developing Countries. London: Taylor and Francis, 2009. v. 1.
GUPTA, A. K.; GOVINDARAJAN, V. Knowledge flows between multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, v. 21, n. 4, p. 473‑496, 2000. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/(SICI)1097‑0266(200004)21:4%3C473::A ID-SMJ84%3E3.0.CO;2-I
HAIR JUNIOR, J. F. et al. Multivariate data analysis. 4. ed. Ney York: Prentice-Hall International. (1995).
HENDRICK, H. W.; KLEINER, B. M. Macroergonomics: an introduction to work system design. Santa Monica: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2001.
HSU, I-C. Knowledge sharing practices as a facilitating factors for improving organizational performance through human capital: A preliminary test. Expert Systems with Applications, v. 35, p. 1316-1326, 2008. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.08.012
HUANG, C-M.; CHANG, H-C.; HENDERSON, S. Knowledge Transfer Barriers Between Research and Development and Marketing Groups Within Taiwanese Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise High-Technology New Product Development Teams. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, v. 18, n. 6, p. 621-657, 2008. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20130
KAMINSKI, P. C.; OLIVEIRA, A. C.; LOPES, T. M. Knowledge transfer in product development processes: A case study in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of the metal‑mechanic sector from São Paulo, Brazil. Technovation, v. 28, p. 29-36, 2008. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.07.001
KLEINSMANN, M.; BUIJS, J.; VALKENBURG, R. Understanding the complexity of knowledge integration in collaborative new product development teams: A case study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, v. 27, p. 20-32, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jengtecman.2010.03.003
LAKEMOND, N.; BERGGREN, C. Co-locating NPD? The need for combining project focus and organizational integration. Technovation, v. 26, p. 907-819, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.04.004
MARSH, S. J.; STOCK, G. N. Creating dynamic capability: the role or intertemporal integration, knowledge retention and interpretation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 23, p. 422-436, 2006. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00214.x
MILLIGAN, G. W.; COOPER, M. C. An examination of procedures for determining the number of clusters in a data set. Psychometrika, v. 50, n. 2, p. 159-179, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02294245
MILLIGAN, G. W.; COOPER, M. C. Methodology Review: Clustering Methods. Applied Psychological Measurement, v. 11, p. 329-354, 1987. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/014662168701100401
MINBAEVA, D. et al. MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies, v. 34, p. 586-599, 2003. http://dx.doi. org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400056
MONTOYA, M. M. et al. Can You Hear Me Now? Communication in Virtual Product Development Teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, p. 139-155, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540‑5885.2009.00342.x
NOBEOKA, K. Inter-project learning in new product development. Academy of Management Journal, p. 432-436, 1995.
NOBEOKA, K.; CUSUMANO, M. A. Multiproject strategy and sales growth: the benefits of rapid design transfer in new product development. Strategic Management Journal, v. 18, n. 3, p. 169-186, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199703)18:3%3C169::AID‑SMJ863%3 E3.0.CO;2-K
NOBEOKA, K.; CUSUMANO, M. A. Multiproject strategy, design transfer, and project performance: a survey of automobile development projects in the US and Japan. IEEE Interactions on Engineering Management, v. 42, n. 4, 397-409, 1995.
NONAKA, I. A. dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, v. 5, n. 1, p. 14-37, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14
NONAKA, I.; TOYAMA, R.; KONNO, N. SECI, Ba and Leadership: a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning, v. 33, p. 5-34, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(99)00115-6
PRENCIPE, A.; TELL, F. Inter-project learning: processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms. Research Policy, v. 30, n. 9, p. 1373-1394, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00157-3
RAMESH, B.; TIWANA, A. Supporting Collaborative Process Knowledge Management in New Product Development Teams. Decision Support Systems, v. 27, p. 213-235, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167‑9236(99)00045-7
SANTAMARÍA, L.; NIETO, M. J.; BARGE-GIL, A. Beyond formal R&D: Taking advantage of other sources of innovation in low and medium technology industries. Research Policy, v. 38, p. 507-517, 2009. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.004
SARIN, S.; McDERMOT, C. M. The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on Learning, Knowledge Application, and Performance of Cross-Functional New Product Development Teams. Decision Sciences, v. 34, n. 4, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5414.2003.02350.x
SARKER, S. et al. Knowledge transfer in virtual system development teams: an exploratory study of four key enablers. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, v. 48, n. 2, p. 201-218, 2005. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2005.849650
SÖDERQUIST, K. E. Organizing knowledge management and dissemination in new product development. Long Range Planning, v. 39, n. 5, p. 497-523, 2006. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.lrp.2005.07.004
SONG, M. et al. The effect of IT and Co-location on knowledge dissemination. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 24, p. 52-68, 2007. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00232.x
SZULANSKI, G. The Process of Knowledge Transfer: A Diachronic Analysis of Stickiness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v. 82, n. 1, p. 9-27, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2884
WATSON, S.; HEWETT, K. A Multi-Theoretical Model of Knowledge Transfer in Organizations: Determinants of Knowledge Contribution and Knowledge Reuse. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 2, p. 141-173, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00586.x
ZELLMER-BRUHN, M.; GIBSON, C. Multinational organization context: implications for team learning and performance. Academy of Management Journal, v. 49, n. 3, p. 501-518, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ AMJ.2006.21794668
ZHENGFENG, L.; JINFU, Y.; YAN, Z. An empirical study on the effect mechanisms of knowledge management on new product development in aviation industry. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING - WiCom, 2007, Shangai, China. Proceedings... IEEE, 2007.
AKGÜN, A. E. et al. Knowledge networks in new product development projects: A transactive memory perspective. Information and Management, v. 42, p. 1105‑1120, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2005.01.001
AKGÜN, A. E.; DAYAN, M.; BENEDETTO, A. New product development team intelligence: Antecedents and consequences. Information & Management, v. 45, p. 221‑226, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. im.2008.02.004
ALAVI, M.; LEIDNER, D. E. Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly Review, v. 25, n. 1, p. 107-136, 2001. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/3250961
ANTONI, M.; NILSSON-WITELL, L.; DAHLGAARD, J. J. Inter-project improvement in product development. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, v. 22, n. 9, p. 876-893, 2005. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710510625194
AOSHIMA, Y. Transfer of system knowledge across generations in new product development: empirical observation from Japanese automobile development. Industrial Relations, v. 41, n. 4, p. 605-628, 2002. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-232X.00266
BARTEZZAGHI, E.; CORSO, M.; VERGANI, R. Continuous improvement and inter-project learning in new product development. International Journal of Technology Management, v. 14, n. 1, p. 116-138, 1997. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.1997.001704
BEKKERS, R.; FREITAS; I. S. B. Analysing knowledge transfer channels between universities and industry: To what degree do sectors also matter? Research Policy, v. 37, p. 1837-1853, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. respol.2008.07.007
BOURGEON, L. Staffing approach and conditions for collective learning in project teams: The case of new product development projects. International Journal of Project Management, v. 25, p. 413-422, 2007. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.01.014
CHAPMAN, R.; HYLAND, P. Complexity and learning behaviors in product innovation. Technovation, v. 24, p. 553-561, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0166-4972(02)00121-9
CHESBROUGH, H. W. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2003.
CLOSS, D. J. et al. Toward a theory of competencies for the management of product complexity: Six case studies. Journal of Operations Management, v. 26, p. 590-610, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jom.2007.10.003
COHEN, W. M.; LEVINTHAL, D. A. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 35, p. 128-152, 1990. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/2393553
COHEN, W. M.; KLEPPER, S. Firm Size and the Nature of Innovation within Industries: The Case of Process and Product R&D. The Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 78, n. 2, p. 232-243,1996. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/2109925
CORSO, M.; MUFFATTO, M.; VERGANTI, R. Reusability and multi-product development policies: a comparison of approaches in the automotive, motorcycle and earthmoving machinery industries. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, v. 15, n. 1, p. 155-165, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0736-5845(99)00010-1
CORSO, M.; PAVESI, S. How management can foster continuous product innovation. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, v. 11, n. 3, p. 199-211, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010320443
CUMMINGS, J. L.; TENG, B. S. Transferring R&D knowledge: the key factor affecting knowledge transfer success. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, v. 20, n. 1-2, p. 39-68, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0923-4748(03)00004-3
DAVENPORT, T. H.; PRUSAK, L. Working Knowledge. Boston: Harvard Business Scholl Press, 1998.
DU, R.; AI, S.; REN, Y. Relationship between knowledge sharing and performance: a survey in Xi’an, China. Expert Systems with Applications, v. 32, p. 38-46, 2007. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.11.001
EDMONDSON, A. C.; NEMBHARD, I. M. Product Development and Learning in Project Teams: The Challenges Are the Benefits. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 26, p. 123-138, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ j.1540-5885.2009.00341.x
ENKEL, E.; GASSMANN, O.; CHESBROUGH, H. Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon. R&D Management, v. 39, n. 4, 2009. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x
FRANK, A. G.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D.; ECHEVESTE, M. E. Uma análise dos fatores de influência na transferência de conhecimentos entre projetos de produto. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTOS - CBGDP, 8., 2011, Porto Alegre. Anais... IGDP, 2011.
GUIMARÃES, L. B. M. The practice of Ergonomics in the south of Brazil from a sociotechnical perspective. In: SCOTT, P. A. (Org.). Ergonomics in Developing Countries. London: Taylor and Francis, 2009. v. 1.
GUPTA, A. K.; GOVINDARAJAN, V. Knowledge flows between multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, v. 21, n. 4, p. 473‑496, 2000. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/(SICI)1097‑0266(200004)21:4%3C473::A ID-SMJ84%3E3.0.CO;2-I
HAIR JUNIOR, J. F. et al. Multivariate data analysis. 4. ed. Ney York: Prentice-Hall International. (1995).
HENDRICK, H. W.; KLEINER, B. M. Macroergonomics: an introduction to work system design. Santa Monica: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2001.
HSU, I-C. Knowledge sharing practices as a facilitating factors for improving organizational performance through human capital: A preliminary test. Expert Systems with Applications, v. 35, p. 1316-1326, 2008. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.08.012
HUANG, C-M.; CHANG, H-C.; HENDERSON, S. Knowledge Transfer Barriers Between Research and Development and Marketing Groups Within Taiwanese Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise High-Technology New Product Development Teams. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, v. 18, n. 6, p. 621-657, 2008. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20130
KAMINSKI, P. C.; OLIVEIRA, A. C.; LOPES, T. M. Knowledge transfer in product development processes: A case study in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of the metal‑mechanic sector from São Paulo, Brazil. Technovation, v. 28, p. 29-36, 2008. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.07.001
KLEINSMANN, M.; BUIJS, J.; VALKENBURG, R. Understanding the complexity of knowledge integration in collaborative new product development teams: A case study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, v. 27, p. 20-32, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jengtecman.2010.03.003
LAKEMOND, N.; BERGGREN, C. Co-locating NPD? The need for combining project focus and organizational integration. Technovation, v. 26, p. 907-819, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.04.004
MARSH, S. J.; STOCK, G. N. Creating dynamic capability: the role or intertemporal integration, knowledge retention and interpretation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 23, p. 422-436, 2006. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00214.x
MILLIGAN, G. W.; COOPER, M. C. An examination of procedures for determining the number of clusters in a data set. Psychometrika, v. 50, n. 2, p. 159-179, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02294245
MILLIGAN, G. W.; COOPER, M. C. Methodology Review: Clustering Methods. Applied Psychological Measurement, v. 11, p. 329-354, 1987. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/014662168701100401
MINBAEVA, D. et al. MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies, v. 34, p. 586-599, 2003. http://dx.doi. org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400056
MONTOYA, M. M. et al. Can You Hear Me Now? Communication in Virtual Product Development Teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, p. 139-155, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540‑5885.2009.00342.x
NOBEOKA, K. Inter-project learning in new product development. Academy of Management Journal, p. 432-436, 1995.
NOBEOKA, K.; CUSUMANO, M. A. Multiproject strategy and sales growth: the benefits of rapid design transfer in new product development. Strategic Management Journal, v. 18, n. 3, p. 169-186, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199703)18:3%3C169::AID‑SMJ863%3 E3.0.CO;2-K
NOBEOKA, K.; CUSUMANO, M. A. Multiproject strategy, design transfer, and project performance: a survey of automobile development projects in the US and Japan. IEEE Interactions on Engineering Management, v. 42, n. 4, 397-409, 1995.
NONAKA, I. A. dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, v. 5, n. 1, p. 14-37, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14
NONAKA, I.; TOYAMA, R.; KONNO, N. SECI, Ba and Leadership: a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning, v. 33, p. 5-34, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(99)00115-6
PRENCIPE, A.; TELL, F. Inter-project learning: processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms. Research Policy, v. 30, n. 9, p. 1373-1394, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00157-3
RAMESH, B.; TIWANA, A. Supporting Collaborative Process Knowledge Management in New Product Development Teams. Decision Support Systems, v. 27, p. 213-235, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167‑9236(99)00045-7
SANTAMARÍA, L.; NIETO, M. J.; BARGE-GIL, A. Beyond formal R&D: Taking advantage of other sources of innovation in low and medium technology industries. Research Policy, v. 38, p. 507-517, 2009. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.004
SARIN, S.; McDERMOT, C. M. The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on Learning, Knowledge Application, and Performance of Cross-Functional New Product Development Teams. Decision Sciences, v. 34, n. 4, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5414.2003.02350.x
SARKER, S. et al. Knowledge transfer in virtual system development teams: an exploratory study of four key enablers. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, v. 48, n. 2, p. 201-218, 2005. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2005.849650
SÖDERQUIST, K. E. Organizing knowledge management and dissemination in new product development. Long Range Planning, v. 39, n. 5, p. 497-523, 2006. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.lrp.2005.07.004
SONG, M. et al. The effect of IT and Co-location on knowledge dissemination. Journal of Product Innovation Management, v. 24, p. 52-68, 2007. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00232.x
SZULANSKI, G. The Process of Knowledge Transfer: A Diachronic Analysis of Stickiness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v. 82, n. 1, p. 9-27, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2884
WATSON, S.; HEWETT, K. A Multi-Theoretical Model of Knowledge Transfer in Organizations: Determinants of Knowledge Contribution and Knowledge Reuse. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 2, p. 141-173, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00586.x
ZELLMER-BRUHN, M.; GIBSON, C. Multinational organization context: implications for team learning and performance. Academy of Management Journal, v. 49, n. 3, p. 501-518, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ AMJ.2006.21794668
ZHENGFENG, L.; JINFU, Y.; YAN, Z. An empirical study on the effect mechanisms of knowledge management on new product development in aviation industry. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING - WiCom, 2007, Shangai, China. Proceedings... IEEE, 2007.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email