Um estudo empírico do impacto da governança de TI no desempenho organizacional
An empirical study of the impact of IT governance on financial performance
Lunardi, Guilherme Lerch; Becker, João Luiz; Maçada, Antonio Carlos G.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000003
Prod, vol.22, n3, p.612-624, 2012
Resumo
Recentemente, tem sido foco de interesse entre os executivos o tema governança de TI, de modo a justificar os investimentos realizados em Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Algumas pesquisas têm levantado indícios de que empresas que possuem bons modelos de governança de TI apresentam resultados superiores aos de seus concorrentes. Entretanto, as pesquisas científicas realizadas até agora não permitiram concluir se um desempenho superior da governança de TI se reflete no resultado financeiro. Dessa forma, buscou-se verificar se as empresas que adotaram mecanismos de Governança de TI melhoraram seu desempenho financeiro, comparando indicadores de performance pré e pós-adoção. O estudo permitiu concluir que as empresas que adotaram tais mecanismos melhoraram significativamente seu desempenho quando comparadas ao grupo de empresas que não possuía tais mecanismos, especialmente em relação às medidas de rentabilidade. Identificou-se, ainda, que a diferença entre o desempenho das empresas com governança de TI e as demais foi mais intensa no ano seguinte à adoção do que no ano em que os mecanismos foram adotados.
Palavras-chave
Desempenho financeiro. Governança de TI. Impacto de TI.
Abstract
Recently, there has been a great deal of interest from the part of many organizations in the concept of IT governance in order to justify Information Technology (IT) investments. Some studies have shown that companies which have good IT governance models generate higher returns of their IT investments than their competitors. However, there is a lack of scientific research confirming that effective IT governance leads to better financial performance. In this paper, we attempt to determine whether companies that have adopted IT governance mechanisms have improved their financial performance, by measuring pre and post adoption performance indicators. We observed that companies that have adopted IT governance practices have significantly improved their performance when compared to those which have not, particularly in relation to profitability. Furthermore, we found that the differences in performance between companies which have adopted IT governance mechanisms and those which have not are more pronounced in the year following the adoption than in the year in which they were adopted.
Keywords
Financial performance. IT governance. IT impact.
References
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MacKINLAY, A. Event studies in economics and finance. Journal of Economic Literature, v. 35, n. 1, p. 13-39, 1997.
MAIZLISH, B.; HANDLER, R. IT portfolio management: step by step. John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
MARCHAND, D. Reaping the business value of IT. Business & Economic Review, 2005.
McAFEE, A. Do you have too much IT? MIT Sloan Management Review, v. 45, n. 3, p. 18-22, 2004.
MCWILLIAMS, A.; SIEGEL, D. Event studies in management research: theoretical and empirical issues. Academy of Management Journal, v. 40, n. 3, p. 626-657, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/257056
PEFFERS, K.; DOS SANTOS, B. Performance effects of innovative IT applications over time. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, v. 43, n. 4, p. 381-392, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/17.543980
PETERSON, R. Integration strategies and tactics for information technology governance. In: van GREMBERGEN, W. Strategies for information technology governance. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2004.
RIBBERS, P.; PETERSON, R.; PARKER, M. Designing information technology governance processes: diagnosing contemporary practices and competing theories. In: HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, 35.,2002. Proceedings...IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994351
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SILVEIRA, A.; BARROS, L.; FAMÁ, R. Atributos corporativos, qualidade da governança corporativa e valor das companhias abertas no Brasil. RevistaBrasileira de Finanças, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-30, 2006.
SMITH, M.; MITRA, S.; NARASIMHAN, S. Information systems outsourcing: a study of pre-event firm characteristics. Journal of Management Information Systems, n. 15, v. 2, p. 61-93, 1998.
van GREMBERGEN, W.; DE HAES, S.; GULDENTOPS, E. Structures, processes and relational mechanisms for IT governance. In: VAN GREMBERGEN, W. Strategies for information technology governance. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2004.
VERHOEF, C. Quantifying the effects of IT-governance rules. Science of Computer Programming, v. 67, n. 2-3, p. 247-277, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2007.01.010
VIDAL, F.; CAMARGOS, M. Estudo de eventos: teoria e operacionalização. Caderno de Pesquisas em Administração, v. 10, n. 3, p. 1-20, 2003.
WEILL, P. Don't just lead govern: how top-performing firms govern IT. MIS Quarterly Executive, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2004.
WEILL, P.; ROSS, J. A matrix approach to designing IT governance. Sloan Management Review, v. 46, n. 2, p. 26-34, 2005.
WEILL, P.; ROSS, J. IT governance: how top performers manage IT decisions rights for superior results. Watertown: Harvard BusinessSchool Press, 2004.
WEILL, P.; WOODHAM, R. Don't just lead, govern: implementing effective IT governance. Center for Information Systems Research, n. 326, 2002.
BHARADWAJ, A. A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance: an empirical investigation. MIS Quarterly, v. 24, n. 1, p. 169-196, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3250983
BHARADWAJ, A.; BHARADWAJ, S.; KONSYNSKI, B. Information technology effects on firm performance as measures by Tobin's q. Management Science, v. 45, n. 6, 1999.
BLACK, B.; JANG, H.; KIM, W. Does corporate governance predict firms' market values? Evidence from Korea. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, v. 22, n. 2, p. 366-413, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewj018
BLOEM, J.; van DOORN, M.; MITTAL, P. Making IT governance work in a Sarbanes-Oxley world. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
BROWN, A.; GRANT, G. Framing the frameworks: a review of IT governance research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, v. 15, p. 696-712, 2005.
CAMPBELL, J.; LO, A. W.; MACKINLAY, A. C. The econometrics of financial markets. New Jersey: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1997.
DEDRICK, J.; GURBAXANI, V.; KRAEMER, K. Information technology and economic performance: a critical review of the empirical evidence. ACM Computing Survey, v. 35, n. 1, p. 1-28, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/641865.641866
DEHNING, B.; RICHARDSON, V. Returns on investments in information technology: a research synthesis. Journal of Information Systems, v. 16, n. 1, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2002.16.1.7
DEHNING, B.; RICHARDSON, V.; STRATOPOULOS, T. Reviewing event studies in MIS: an application of the firm value framework. In: HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, 36.,2003, Hawaii. Proceedings... IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2003.1174633
DEHNING, B.; RICHARDSON, V.; ZMUD, R. The financial performance effects of IT-based supply chain management systems in manufacturing firms. Journal of Operations Management, v. 25, n. 4, p. 806-824, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2006.09.001
DEVARAJ, S.; KOHLI, R. Information technology payoff in the health-care industry: a longitudinal study. Journal of Management Information Systems, v. 16, n. 4, p. 41-67, 2000.
DEVARAJ, S.; KOHLI, R. Performance impacts of information technology: Is actual usage the missing link? Management Science, v.49, n 3, p. 273-289, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.49.3.273.12736
DURNEV, A.; KIM, H. To steal or to not steal: firm attributes, legal environment, and valuation. Journal of Finance, v. 60, n. 3, p. 1461-1493, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00767.x
GITMAN, L. Princípios de administração financeira. 10. ed. São Paulo: Pearson, 2003.
GUZMÁN, X. Impacto das aquisições e fusões na performance operacional bancária no Brasil. 2002. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração)-Escola de Administração, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2002.
HARDY, G. Using IT governance and COBIT to deliver value with IT and respond to legal, regulatory and compliance challenges. Information Security technical report, p. 55-61, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2005.12.004
HU, Q.; PLANT, R. An empirical study of the casual relationship between IT investment and firm performance. Information Resources Management Journal, v. 14, n. 3, p. 15-26, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2001070102
INTERNATIONAL DATA CORPORATION-IDC. Mercado brasileiro de infraestrutura de TI deve crescer 7% em 2010. IDC, 2010. Disponível em:
IM, K.; DOW, K.; GROVER, V. Research report: a reexamination of IT investment and the market value of the firm - an event study methodology. Information Systems Research, v. 1, n. 12, p. 103-117, 2001.
JEFFERY, M.; LELIVELD, I. Best practices in IT portfolio management. MIT Sloan Management Review, v. 45, n. 3, p. 41-49, 2004.
KUDYBA, S.; VITALIANO, D. Information technology and corporate profitability: a focus on operating efficiency. Information Resources Management Journal, v. 16, n. 1, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2003010101
LEE, S.; KIM, S. A lag effect of IT investment on firm performance. Information Resources Management Journal, v. 19, n. 1, p. 43-69, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2006010103
LI, M.; YE, L. Information technology and firm performance: linking with environment, strategic and managerial contexts. Information & Management, v. 35, n. 1, p. 43-51, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00075-5
MAÇADA, A.; BECKER, J. Efeitos da Tecnologia de Informação nas Variáveis Estratégicas dos Bancos: uma análise envolvendo Brasil e Estados Unidos. Revista de Administração de Empresas, v. 41, n. 4, 2001.
MacKINLAY, A. Event studies in economics and finance. Journal of Economic Literature, v. 35, n. 1, p. 13-39, 1997.
MAIZLISH, B.; HANDLER, R. IT portfolio management: step by step. John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
MARCHAND, D. Reaping the business value of IT. Business & Economic Review, 2005.
McAFEE, A. Do you have too much IT? MIT Sloan Management Review, v. 45, n. 3, p. 18-22, 2004.
MCWILLIAMS, A.; SIEGEL, D. Event studies in management research: theoretical and empirical issues. Academy of Management Journal, v. 40, n. 3, p. 626-657, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/257056
PEFFERS, K.; DOS SANTOS, B. Performance effects of innovative IT applications over time. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, v. 43, n. 4, p. 381-392, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/17.543980
PETERSON, R. Integration strategies and tactics for information technology governance. In: van GREMBERGEN, W. Strategies for information technology governance. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2004.
RIBBERS, P.; PETERSON, R.; PARKER, M. Designing information technology governance processes: diagnosing contemporary practices and competing theories. In: HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, 35.,2002. Proceedings...IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994351
SCHWARZ, A.; HIRSCHHEIM, R. An extended platform logic perspective of IT governance: managing perceptions and activities of IT. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, v. 12, n. 2, p. 129-166, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(03)00021-0
SILVEIRA, A.; BARROS, L.; FAMÁ, R. Atributos corporativos, qualidade da governança corporativa e valor das companhias abertas no Brasil. RevistaBrasileira de Finanças, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-30, 2006.
SMITH, M.; MITRA, S.; NARASIMHAN, S. Information systems outsourcing: a study of pre-event firm characteristics. Journal of Management Information Systems, n. 15, v. 2, p. 61-93, 1998.
van GREMBERGEN, W.; DE HAES, S.; GULDENTOPS, E. Structures, processes and relational mechanisms for IT governance. In: VAN GREMBERGEN, W. Strategies for information technology governance. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2004.
VERHOEF, C. Quantifying the effects of IT-governance rules. Science of Computer Programming, v. 67, n. 2-3, p. 247-277, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2007.01.010
VIDAL, F.; CAMARGOS, M. Estudo de eventos: teoria e operacionalização. Caderno de Pesquisas em Administração, v. 10, n. 3, p. 1-20, 2003.
WEILL, P. Don't just lead govern: how top-performing firms govern IT. MIS Quarterly Executive, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2004.
WEILL, P.; ROSS, J. A matrix approach to designing IT governance. Sloan Management Review, v. 46, n. 2, p. 26-34, 2005.
WEILL, P.; ROSS, J. IT governance: how top performers manage IT decisions rights for superior results. Watertown: Harvard BusinessSchool Press, 2004.
WEILL, P.; WOODHAM, R. Don't just lead, govern: implementing effective IT governance. Center for Information Systems Research, n. 326, 2002.
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