Eficiência técnica das companhias aéreas brasileiras: um estudo com análise envoltória de dados e conjuntos nebulosos
Assessment of Brazilian airlines technical efficiency: a study using data envelopment analysis and fuzzy sets
Correia, Teresa Cristina V. D.; Mello, João Carlos C. B. S. de; Meza, Lidia Angulo
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132011005000049
Prod, vol.21, n4, p.676-683, 2011
Resumo
Com a desregulamentação do transporte aéreo brasileiro, iniciada na década de 90, uma nova perspectiva de competição se desenvolveu, obrigando as empresas existentes a uma grande mudança em sua forma de posicionamento nesse tipo de mercado. Surge assim um novo conceito de voar com as companhias de baixo custo (Low Cost Carriers – LCCs) no mercado antes monopolizado pelas companhias tradicionais ou de serviço completo (Full Service Carriers – FSCs). Para garantir sua competitividade, as empresas viram-se obrigadas a buscar um melhor aproveitamento dos seus recursos. Este trabalho analisa, através do modelo DEA nebuloso, que leva em conta a má qualidade dos dados disponíveis, o desempenho das companhias aéreas brasileiras no período de 2001 a 2005. Além disso, dado que esse enfoque apresenta muitas unidades tomadoras de decisão (Decision Making Units – DMUs) empatadas, é sugerido um modelo de aumento de discriminação da análise envoltória de dados nebulosa (Fuzzy-DEA). É feita uma análise temporal dos dados de forma a avaliar a evolução das companhias aéreas frente ao novo cenário de competitividade no mercado.
Palavras-chave
Transporte aéreo. Eficiência. Análise envoltória de dados. Conjuntos nebulosos.
Abstract
The deregulation of the Brazilian aviation industry started in the early 1990s. It created a new scenario of competition for the existing carriers, forcing them to change their way of dealing with this type of market. This led to a new flying concept - the Low Cost Carriers (LCCs). Before the beginning of the LCCs operation, there were only Full Service Carriers (FSCs). In order to ensure their competitiveness, other companies were forced to seek a better use of its resources. This paper analyses - through the Fuzzy DEA model, which takes into account the poor quality of the available data - the performance of the Brazilian airlines from 2001 to 2005. Moreover, since there are many DMUs tied in this approach, a model to increase discrimination for Fuzzy DEA models was suggested. The temporal data to assess the evolution of airlines facing the new competitive scenario in the market was analysed.
Keywords
Air transport. Efficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis. Fuzzy sets.
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