Liderança situacional em gestão de projetos: uma revisão da literatura
Situational leadership in project management: a literature review
Gonçalves, Helen Silva; Mota, Caroline Maria de M.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132011005000046
Prod, vol.21, n3, p.404-416, 2011
Resumo
O estilo de liderança que deve ser adotado por um gerente de projetos em relação a seus liderados é um assunto enfatizado em pesquisas recentes. Dentre as teorias, a liderança situacional apresentada por Hersey e Blanchard (2007) aborda as maturidades para o trabalho e psicológica como elementos que influenciam o desempenho dos funcionários. A determinação de tal nível permite a utilização de um estilo de liderança mais adequado. Este artigo aborda a necessidade de utilização de uma ferramenta que auxilie de maneira eficiente o gerente de projetos a adotar o estilo de liderança mais adequado à situação e liderados. Para demonstrar o qual difícil pode ser tal atividade, em uma empresa de tecnologia da informação, foi realizada uma pesquisa avaliando o nível de maturidade de seus liderados. Observou-se que para a liderança ser mais efetiva deve dispor de métodos mais estruturados para tal.
Palavras-chave
Estilo de liderança. Liderança situacional. Gerente de projetos.
Abstract
The leadership style that should be adopted by a project manager is a subject that has been emphasized in recent researches. Among several theories, the situational leadership presented by Hersey and Blanchard (2007) approaches working and psychological maturity as elements that influence the performance of employees. The determination of such level allows the use of an adjustable style of leadership. This article approaches the necessity of using a tool that efficiently assists the project manager to adopt an adjustable style of leadership for the situation. In order to demonstrate how difficult such an activity can be, a research in an Information Technology company was fulfilled, evaluating the level of maturity. It was observed that, in order to practice a more effective leadership, it is necessary to count on more structuralized methods.
Keywords
Leadership style. Situational leadership. Project manager.
References
AVERY, G. C.; RYAN, J. Applying situational leadership preferences in Australia: congruity, flexibility and effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, v. 22, n. 1, p. 11-21, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730110380183
AVOLIO, B. J.; GARDNER, W. L. Authentic leadership development: getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, v. 16, p. 315-338, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
BASS, B. M. Bass and stodghill handbook of leadership: theory, research and applications. 4th ed. New York: Free Press, 2008.
BERGAMINI, C. W. Liderança administração do sentido. São Paulo: Atlas, 1999.
CHEN, J. C.; SILVERTHORNE, C. Leadership effectiveness, leadership style and employee readiness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, v. 26, n. 4, p. 280-288, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730510600652
DAVIES, T. C. The "real" success factors on projects. International Journal of Project Management, v. 20, n. 8, p. 185-190, 2002.
DULAIMI, M.; LANGFORD, D. A. Job behavior of construction project managers: determinants and assessment. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, v. 125, n. 4, p. 56-64, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1999)125:4(256)
DULEWICZ, V.; HIGGS, M. Assessing leadership styles and organisational context. Journal of Managerial Psychology, v. 20, n. 2, p. 105-123, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940510579759
DULEWICZ, V.; HIGGS, M. J. Design of a new instrument to assess leadership dimensions and styles. UK: Henley Management College, 2003. (Henley Working Paper Series, 0311).
ESLAMI, A.; KRALJEVIC, M.; TUNBJER, M. Project management from a situational leadership perspective. Tese (Bachelor's Thesis in Management)-Internationella Handelshögskolan, Suécia, 2005.
FERNANDEZ, C.; VECCHIO, R. Situational leadership theory revisited: A test of an across-jobs perspective. Leadership Quarterly, v. 8, n. 6, p. 67-84, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(97)90031-X
GALVÃO, C. M.; SILVA, M. A. Use of the situational leadership in surgical center nursing. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, v. 41, n. 1, p. 104-12, 2007.
GOLEMAN, D.; BOYATZIS, R. E.; McKEE, A. The new leaders. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2003.
GRAEFF, C. L. Evolution of situational leadership theory: a critical review. Leadership Quartely, v. 8, n. 2, p. 153-170, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(97)90014-X
GROVER, R. A.; WALKER, H. F. Changing from production to quality: Application of the situational leadership transtheoretical change models. The Quality Management Journal, v. 10, p. 8-24, 2003.
HAIR JUNIOR, J. F. et al. Fundamentos de métodos de pesquisa em administração. São Paulo: Bookman, 2006.
HERSEY, P.; BLANCHARD, K. Management of organizational behavior. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2007.
HUGHES, R.; GINNETT, R.; CURPHY, G. Leadership: enhancing the lessons of experience. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2002. In: GROVER, R. A.; WALKER, H. F. Changing from production to quality: application of the situational leadership transtheoretical change models. The Quality Management Journal, v. 10, n. 3, p. 8-24, 2003.
KANGIS, P.; KELLEY, L. L. Project leadership in clinical research organizations. International Journal of Project Management, v. 18, n. 6, p. 393-401, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(00)00018-1
KEEGAN, A. E.; HARTOG, D. N. D. Transformational leadership in a project-based environment: a comparative study of the leadership styles of project managers and line managers. International Journal of Project Management, v. 22, n. 8, p. 609-617, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.05.005
KELLEY, L. L.; LOONG, K. L. Turner's five-functions of project-based management and situational leadership in IT services projects. International Journal of Project Management, v. 21, p. 583-591, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00100-X
KOLLTVEIT, B. J.; KARLSEN, J. T.; GRONHAU, G. K. Perspectives on project management. International Journal of Project Management, n. 25, p. 3-9, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.12.002
KOUZES, J. M.; POSNER, B. Z. The leadership challenge. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2007.
LUTHANS, F. Organizational behavior. 10th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2005.
MAKILOUKO, M. Coping with multicultural projects: the leadership styles of Finnish project managers. International Journal of Project Management, v. 22, p. 387-396, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2003.08.004
McGINN, C.; WILSON, B. C. An instrument for assessing group maturity levels - Based on hersey and blanchard's situational leadership theory. Organizational Training and Development University of Rhode Island, 2006.
MONTANA, P. J.; CHARNOV, B. H. Administração. 3. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2003.
MULLER, R.; TURNER, J. R. Matching the project manager's leadership style to project type. International Journal of Project Management, v. 25, n. 1, p. 21-32, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.04.003
MULLER, R.; TURNER, J. R. The project manager's leadership style as a success factor on projects: a literature review. Project Management Journal, v. 36, n. 1, p. 49-61, 2005.
ROBBINS, S. Organisational behaviour: concepts, controversies and applications. 11th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2005.
RODRIGUEZ-REPISO, L.; SETCHI, R.; SALMERON, J. L. Modelling IT projects success: emerging methodologies reviewed. Technovation, v. 27, p. 582-594, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2006.12.006
RUSSO, R. F. S. M.; RUIZ, J. M.; CUNHA, R. P. Liderança e influência nas fases da gestão de projetos. Revista Produção, v. 15, n. 3, p. 362-375, 2005.
SILVA, U. B. Transferência de tecnologia para desenvolvimento de equipe através da teoria da liderança situacional e do feedback 360º: caso de uma equipe de acompanhamento e controle da manutenção de uma distribuidora de energia elétrica do sul do Brasil. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Produção)-PPGEP/UTFPR, Ponta Grossa, 2008.
SILVERTHORNE, C.; WANG, T.-H. Situational leadership style as a predictor of success and productivity among Taiwanese business organizations. Journal of Psychology, v. 135, n. 4, p. 399-412, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603707
SIMS JUNIOR, H. P.; FARAJ, S.; YUN, S. When should a leader be directive or empowering? How to develop your own situational theory of leadership. Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 2008.
SOTO, E. Comportamento organizacional. São Paulo: Thomson, 2002.
TOOR, S. R.; OFORI, G. Leadership for future construction industry: agenda for authentic leadership. International Journal of Project Management, v. 26 n. 6, p. 620-630, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.09.010
WEATHERSBY, G. B. Leadership vs. management. Management Review, v. 88, p. 5, 1999.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email