Benefícios e dificuldades da gestão ambiental com base na ISO 14001 em empresas industriais de São Paulo
Benefits and difficulties of environmental management based on ISO 14001 in industries in São Paulo
Oliveira, Otavio José de; Serra, José Roberto
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132010005000013
Prod, vol.20, n3, p.429-438, 2010
Resumo
O principal objetivo deste trabalho é verificar, por meio de uma pesquisa tipo survey, os benefícios e as dificuldades da adoção de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental ISO 14001 em empresas industriais do Estado de São Paulo. Para tal, um questionário foi enviado para 194 empresas constantes da base de dados do INMETRO (Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial) e respondido por 69 delas, representando uma taxa de retorno de 35,36%. Duas hipóteses foram estabelecidas para realização do estudo: uma enunciando os potenciais benefícios e outra as dificuldades da gestão ambiental com base na norma NBR ISO 14001. Estas hipóteses foram parcialmente comprovadas. O artigo está estruturado da seguinte forma: introdução, sistema de gestão ambiental, norma NBR ISO 14001, método de pesquisa, apresentação e análise dos resultados, conclusão e referências bibliográficas.
Palavras-chave
Gestão ambiental. Sistema de gestão ambiental. NBR ISO 14001. Sistemas certificáveis.
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to assess the benefits and difficulties of Environmental Management Systems based on ISO 14001 within industries in the State of São Paulo through a research survey. A questionnaire was sent to 194 companies on the database of INMETRO (National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality) of which 69 responded, representing a return rate of 35.36%. Two hypotheses were established for the study: one stating the potential benefits and other difficulties of environmental management based on ISO 14001. These hypotheses were partially confirmed. This paper is structured as follows: introduction, environmental management system, ISO 14001, research method, presentation and analysis of results, conclusion and references.
Keywords
Environmental management. Environmental management system. ISO 14001. Certifiable systems.
References
BABAKRI, K. A. et al. Recycling performance of firms before and after adoption of the ISO 14001 standard. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 12, p. 633-637, 2004.
CAMPOS, L. M. S.; MELO, D. A. Indicadores de desempenho dos sistemas de gestão ambiental (SGA): uma pesquisa teórica. Revista Produção, v. 18, n. 3, p. 540-555, 2008.
CASTRO, R.; OLIVEIRA, O. J. Gestão ambiental: um salutar desafio às organizações. In: OLIVEIRA, O. J. (Org.). Gestão Empresarial: Sistemas e Ferramentas. São Paulo: Atlas, 2007. p. 1-21.
CHAN, E. S. W.; WONG, S. C. K. Motivations for ISO 14001 in the hotel industry. Tourism Management, v. 27, p. 481-492, 2006.
FORTUNSKI, B. Does the environmental management standard ISO 14001 stimulate sustainable development? An example from the energy sector in Poland. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, v. 19, n. 2, p. 204-212, 2008.
FRYXELL, G. E.; WING-HUNG, C. L.; CHUNG, S. S. Influence of motivations for seeking ISO 14001 certification on perceptions of EMS effectiveness in China. Environmental Management, v. 33, n. 2, p. 239-251, 2004.
GAVRONSKI, I., FERRER, G., PAIVA, E. L. ISO 14001 Certification in Brazil: motivations and benefits. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 16, p. 87-94, 2008.
GONZÁLEZ, P.; SARKIS, J.; ADENSO-DÍAZ, B. Environmental management system certification and its influence on corporate practices: evidence from the automotive industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, v. 28, n. 11, p. 1021-1041, 2008.
INMETRO - INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE METROLOGIA, NORMALIZAÇÃO E QUALIDADE INDUSTRIAL - Empresas certificadas ISO 14001. Disponível em:
JÄNICKE, M. Ecological modernization: new perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 16, n. 5, p. 557-565, 2008.
NBR ISO 14001 - Sistemas da gestão ambiental: requisitos com orientação para uso. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2004.
MATTHEWS, D. H. Environmental management systems for internal corporate environmental benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, v. 10, n. 2, p. 95-106, 2003.
MELNYK, S. A.; SROUFE, R. P.; CALANTONE, R. Assessing the impact of environmental management systems on corporate and environmental performance. Journal of Operations Management, v. 21, n. 3, p. 329-351, 2002.
OELREICH, K. V. Environmental certification at Mälardalen University. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, v. 5, n. 2, p. 133-146, 2004.
OLIVEIRA, O. J.; PINHEIRO, C. R. M. S. Best practices for the implantation of ISO 14001 norms: a study of change management in two industrial companies in the Midwest region of the state of São Paulo - Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 17, n. 9, p. 883-885, 2009.
PEROTTO, E. et al. Environmental performance, indicators and measurement uncertainty in EMS context: a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 16, n. 4, p. 517-530, 2008.
POMBO, F. R.; MAGRINI, A. Panorama de aplicação da norma ISO 14001 no Brasil. Revista Produção, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2008.
POKSINSKA, B.; DAHLGAARD, J. J.; EKLUND, J. A. E. Implementing ISO 14000 in Sweden: motives, benefits and comparisons with ISO 9000. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, v. 20, n. 5, p. 585-606, 2003.
RADONJIC, G.; TOMINC, P. The impact and significance of ISO 14001 certification on the adoption of new technologies: the case of Slovenia. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, v. 17, n. 6, p. 707-727, 2006.
REYES, D. E. S.; WRIGHT, T. L. A design for the environment methodology to support an environmental management system. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, v. 12, n. 5, p. 323-332, 2001.
ROWLAND-JONES, R.; CRESSER, M. An evaluation of current environmental management systems as indicators of environmental performance. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, v. 16, n. 3, p. 211-219, 2005.
SILVA FILHO, J. C. G. et al. Aplicação da produção mais limpa em uma empresa como ferramenta de melhoria contínua. Revista Produção, v. 17, n. 1, p. 109-128, 2007.
SILVA, G. C. S.; MEDEIROS, D. D. Environmental management in Brazilian companies. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, v. 15, n. 4, p. 380-388, 2004.
TAN, L. P. Implementing ISO 14001: is it beneficial for firms in newly industrialized Malaysia? Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 13, p. 397-404, 2005.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email