A decision model for energy companies that sorts projects, classifies the project manager and recommends the final match between project and project manager
Oliveira, Elaine Cristina Batista de; Alencar, Luciana Hazin; Costa, Ana Paula Cabral Seixas
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.172314
Production, vol.26, n1, p.91-104, 2015
Abstract
This study presents an integrated model to support the process of classifying projects and selecting project managers for these projects in accordance with their characteristics and skills using a multiple criteria decision aid (MCDA) approach. Such criteria are often conflicting. The model also supports the process of allocating project managers to projects by evaluating the characteristics/types of projects. The framework consists of a set of structured techniques and methods that are deemed very appropriate within the context of project management. A practical application of the proposed model was performed in a Brazilian electric energy company, which has a portfolio of projects that are specifically related to the company´s defined strategic plan. As a result, it was possible to classify the projects and project managers into definable categories, thus enabling more effective management as different projects require different levels of skills and abilities.
Keywords
Project managers, Project portfolio, Multi-criteria decision aid
References
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Alencar, L. H., & Almeida, A. T. (2010). A model for selecting project team members using multicriteria group decision making. Pesquisa Operacional, 30, 221-236.
Almeida, J. A., Almeida, A. T., Costa, A. P. C. S. (2014). Portfolio selection of information systems projects using PROMETHEE V with C-optimal concept. Pesquisa Operacional, 34, 1-25.
Aragonés-Beltrán, P., Chaparro-González, J. P., Pastor-Ferrando, J. P., & Rodríguez-Pozo, F. (2010). An ANP-based approach for the selection of photovoltaic solar power plant investment projects. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(1), 249-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.012.
Arasteh, A., Aliahmadi, A., & Omran, M. A. (2014). Multi-stage multi criteria model for portfolio management. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(5), 4269-4283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-0987-9.
Araz, C., & Ozkarahan, I. (2007). Supplier evaluation and management system for strategic sourcing based on a new multicriteria sorting procedure. International Journal of Production Economics, 106(2), 585-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.08.008.
Brans, J. P., & Mareschal, B. (2005). PROMETHEE methods. In J. Figueira, S. Greco & M. Ehrgott (Eds.), Multiple criteria decision analysis - state of the art surveys (pp. 163-195). New York: Springer.
Bredin, K., & Soderlund, J. (2013). Project managers and career models: An exploratory comparative study. International Journal of Project Management, 31(6), 889-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.11.010.
Buchanan, J., & Sheppard, P. (1998). Ranking projects using the ELECTRE method. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Operational Research Society of New Zealand Conference. Wellington, New Zealand.
Chipulu, M., Neoh, J. G., Ojiako, U., & Williams, T. (2013). A multidimensional analysis of project manager competences. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 60(3), 506-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2012.2215330.
Collier, D. (2013). The human factors of project team decision-making for radioactive waste management. Cognition Technology and Work, 15(1), 47-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-012-0218-7.
Crawford, L., Hobbs, B., & Turner, J. R. (2005). Project categorization systems. Newton Square: Project Management Institute.
Crawford, L., Hobbs, B., & Turner, J. R. (2006). Aligning capability with strategy: categorizing projects to do the right projects and to do them right. Project Management Journal, 37(2), 38-50.
Darrell, V., Baccarini, D., & Love, P. E. D. (2010). Demystifying the folklore of the accidental project manager in the public sector. Project Management Journal, 41(5), 56-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20164.
Dodangeh, J., Sorooshian, S., & Afshari, A. (2014). Linguistic extension for group multicriteria project manager selection. Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2014, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/570398.
Doumpos, M., & Zopounidis, C. (2002). Multicriteria decision aid classification methods. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Doumpos, M., & Zopounidis, C. (2004). A Multicriteria classification approach based on pairwise comparisons. European Journal of Operational Research, 158(2), 378-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2003.06.011.
Doumpos, M., Zanakis, S. H., & Zopounidis, C. (2001). Multicriteria preference disaggregation for classification problems with an application to global investing risk. Decision Sciences, 32(2), 33-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00963.x.
Drupp, M. A. (2011). Does the gold standard label hold its promise in delivering higher Sustainable Development benefits? A multi-criteria comparison of CDM projects. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1213-1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.11.049.
Dutra, C., Ribeiro, J., & Carvalho, M. (2014). An economic-probabilistic model for project selection and prioritization. International Journal of Project Management, 32(6), 1042-1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.12.004.
Dvir, D., Sadeh, A., & Malach-Pines, A. (2006). Projects and project managers: the relationship between project managers’ personality, project types, and project success. Project Management Journal, 37(5), 36-48.
Figueira, J., Smet, Y., & Brans, J. (2004). MCDA methods for sorting and clustering problems: PROMETHEE TRI and PROMETHEE cluster. Brussel: Université Libre de Bruxelles. Working Paper.
Gurgel, A. M., & Mota, C. M. M. (2013). A multicriteria prioritization model to support public safety planning. Pesquisa Operacional, 33(2), 251-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-74382013000200007.
Hadad, Y., Keren, B., & Laslo, Z. (2013). A decision-making support system module for project manager selection according to past performance. International Journal of Project Management, 31(4), 532-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.10.004.
Haurant, P., Oberti, P., & Muselli, M. (2011). Multicriteria selection aiding related to photovoltaic plants on farming fields on Corsica island: a real case study using the ELECTRE outranking framework. Energy Policy, 39(2), 676-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.040.
Howell, D., Windahl, C., & Seidel, R. (2010). A project contingency framework based on uncertainty and its consequences. International Journal of Project Management, 28(3), 256-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.06.002.
International Project Management Association. (2006). ICB – IPMA competence baseline version 3.0. Nijkerk, The Netherlands: IPMA.
Jazebi, F., & Rashidi, A. (2013). An automated procedure for selecting project managers in construction firms. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 19(1), 97-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.738707.
Keeney, R. L. (1992). Value-focused thinking. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Malach-Pines, A., Dvir, D., & Sadeh, A. (2009). Project manager-project (PM-P) Fit and project success. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 29(3), 268-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570910938998.
Meredith, J. R., & Mantel Junior, S. J. (2003). Project management: a managerial approach (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Mota, C. M. M., Almeida, A. T., & Alencar, L. H. (2009). A multiple criteria decision model for assigning priorities to activities in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 27(2), 175-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.08.005.
Mousseau, V., & Slowinski, R. (1998). Inferring an ELECTRE TRI model from assignment examples. Journal of Global Optimization, 12(2), 157-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008210427517.
Müller, R., & Turner, R. (2007). The influence of project managers on project success criteria and project success by type of project. European Management Journal, 25(4), 298-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.06.003.
Neves, L. P., Martins, A. G., Antunes, C. H., & Dias, L. C. (2008). A multi-criteria decision approach to sorting actions for promoting energy efficiency. Energy Policy, 36(7), 2351-2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.11.032.
Odusami, K. T. (2002). Perceptions of construction professionals concerning important skills of effective project leaders. Journal of Management Engineering, 18(2), 61-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2002)18:2(61).
Patanakul, P., Milosevic, D., & Anderson, T. (2007). A decision support model for project manager assignments. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 54(3), 548-564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2007.900797.
Perimenis, A., Walimwipi, H., Zinoviev, S., Müller-Langer, F., & Miertus, S. (2011). Development of a decision support tool for the assessment of biofuels. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1782-1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.01.011.
Project Management Institute. (2008). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK GUIDE). Newtown Square: PMI.
Roy, B. (1996). Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding nonconvex optimization and its applications. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Shenhar, A. J., & Dvir, D. (2007). Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Boston: Harvard Business.
Smith-Perera, A., García-Melón, M., Poveda-Bautista, R., & Pastorferrando, J. (2010). A Project Strategic Index proposal for portfolio selection in electrical company based on the analytic network process. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(6), 1569-1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.01.022.
Xu, Y., & Yeh, C.-H. (2014). A performance-based approach to project assignment and performance evaluation. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), 218-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.04.006.
Yu, W. (1992). ELECTRE TRI – aspects méthodologiques et guide d'utilisation (Document du LAMSADE, 74). Paris: Université de Paris-Dauphine.
Zavadskas, E., Turskis, Z., Tamošaitiene, J., & Marina, V. (2008). Multicriteria selection of project managers by applying grey criteria. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 14(4), 462-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2008.14.462-477.
Zhang, F., Zuo, J., & Zillante, G. (2013). Identification and evaluation of the key social competencies for Chinese construction project managers. International Journal of Project Management, 31(5), 748-759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.10.011.
Ahadzie, D., Proverbs, D., & Sarkodie-Poku, I. (2014). Competencies required of project managers at the design phase of mass house building projects. International Journal of Project Management, 32(6), 958-969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.10.015.
Alencar, L. H., & Almeida, A. T. (2010). A model for selecting project team members using multicriteria group decision making. Pesquisa Operacional, 30, 221-236.
Almeida, J. A., Almeida, A. T., Costa, A. P. C. S. (2014). Portfolio selection of information systems projects using PROMETHEE V with C-optimal concept. Pesquisa Operacional, 34, 1-25.
Aragonés-Beltrán, P., Chaparro-González, J. P., Pastor-Ferrando, J. P., & Rodríguez-Pozo, F. (2010). An ANP-based approach for the selection of photovoltaic solar power plant investment projects. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(1), 249-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.012.
Arasteh, A., Aliahmadi, A., & Omran, M. A. (2014). Multi-stage multi criteria model for portfolio management. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(5), 4269-4283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-0987-9.
Araz, C., & Ozkarahan, I. (2007). Supplier evaluation and management system for strategic sourcing based on a new multicriteria sorting procedure. International Journal of Production Economics, 106(2), 585-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.08.008.
Brans, J. P., & Mareschal, B. (2005). PROMETHEE methods. In J. Figueira, S. Greco & M. Ehrgott (Eds.), Multiple criteria decision analysis - state of the art surveys (pp. 163-195). New York: Springer.
Bredin, K., & Soderlund, J. (2013). Project managers and career models: An exploratory comparative study. International Journal of Project Management, 31(6), 889-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.11.010.
Buchanan, J., & Sheppard, P. (1998). Ranking projects using the ELECTRE method. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Operational Research Society of New Zealand Conference. Wellington, New Zealand.
Chipulu, M., Neoh, J. G., Ojiako, U., & Williams, T. (2013). A multidimensional analysis of project manager competences. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 60(3), 506-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2012.2215330.
Collier, D. (2013). The human factors of project team decision-making for radioactive waste management. Cognition Technology and Work, 15(1), 47-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-012-0218-7.
Crawford, L., Hobbs, B., & Turner, J. R. (2005). Project categorization systems. Newton Square: Project Management Institute.
Crawford, L., Hobbs, B., & Turner, J. R. (2006). Aligning capability with strategy: categorizing projects to do the right projects and to do them right. Project Management Journal, 37(2), 38-50.
Darrell, V., Baccarini, D., & Love, P. E. D. (2010). Demystifying the folklore of the accidental project manager in the public sector. Project Management Journal, 41(5), 56-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20164.
Dodangeh, J., Sorooshian, S., & Afshari, A. (2014). Linguistic extension for group multicriteria project manager selection. Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2014, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/570398.
Doumpos, M., & Zopounidis, C. (2002). Multicriteria decision aid classification methods. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Doumpos, M., & Zopounidis, C. (2004). A Multicriteria classification approach based on pairwise comparisons. European Journal of Operational Research, 158(2), 378-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2003.06.011.
Doumpos, M., Zanakis, S. H., & Zopounidis, C. (2001). Multicriteria preference disaggregation for classification problems with an application to global investing risk. Decision Sciences, 32(2), 33-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00963.x.
Drupp, M. A. (2011). Does the gold standard label hold its promise in delivering higher Sustainable Development benefits? A multi-criteria comparison of CDM projects. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1213-1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.11.049.
Dutra, C., Ribeiro, J., & Carvalho, M. (2014). An economic-probabilistic model for project selection and prioritization. International Journal of Project Management, 32(6), 1042-1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.12.004.
Dvir, D., Sadeh, A., & Malach-Pines, A. (2006). Projects and project managers: the relationship between project managers’ personality, project types, and project success. Project Management Journal, 37(5), 36-48.
Figueira, J., Smet, Y., & Brans, J. (2004). MCDA methods for sorting and clustering problems: PROMETHEE TRI and PROMETHEE cluster. Brussel: Université Libre de Bruxelles. Working Paper.
Gurgel, A. M., & Mota, C. M. M. (2013). A multicriteria prioritization model to support public safety planning. Pesquisa Operacional, 33(2), 251-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-74382013000200007.
Hadad, Y., Keren, B., & Laslo, Z. (2013). A decision-making support system module for project manager selection according to past performance. International Journal of Project Management, 31(4), 532-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.10.004.
Haurant, P., Oberti, P., & Muselli, M. (2011). Multicriteria selection aiding related to photovoltaic plants on farming fields on Corsica island: a real case study using the ELECTRE outranking framework. Energy Policy, 39(2), 676-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.040.
Howell, D., Windahl, C., & Seidel, R. (2010). A project contingency framework based on uncertainty and its consequences. International Journal of Project Management, 28(3), 256-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.06.002.
International Project Management Association. (2006). ICB – IPMA competence baseline version 3.0. Nijkerk, The Netherlands: IPMA.
Jazebi, F., & Rashidi, A. (2013). An automated procedure for selecting project managers in construction firms. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 19(1), 97-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.738707.
Keeney, R. L. (1992). Value-focused thinking. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Malach-Pines, A., Dvir, D., & Sadeh, A. (2009). Project manager-project (PM-P) Fit and project success. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 29(3), 268-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570910938998.
Meredith, J. R., & Mantel Junior, S. J. (2003). Project management: a managerial approach (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Mota, C. M. M., Almeida, A. T., & Alencar, L. H. (2009). A multiple criteria decision model for assigning priorities to activities in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 27(2), 175-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.08.005.
Mousseau, V., & Slowinski, R. (1998). Inferring an ELECTRE TRI model from assignment examples. Journal of Global Optimization, 12(2), 157-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008210427517.
Müller, R., & Turner, R. (2007). The influence of project managers on project success criteria and project success by type of project. European Management Journal, 25(4), 298-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.06.003.
Neves, L. P., Martins, A. G., Antunes, C. H., & Dias, L. C. (2008). A multi-criteria decision approach to sorting actions for promoting energy efficiency. Energy Policy, 36(7), 2351-2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.11.032.
Odusami, K. T. (2002). Perceptions of construction professionals concerning important skills of effective project leaders. Journal of Management Engineering, 18(2), 61-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2002)18:2(61).
Patanakul, P., Milosevic, D., & Anderson, T. (2007). A decision support model for project manager assignments. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 54(3), 548-564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2007.900797.
Perimenis, A., Walimwipi, H., Zinoviev, S., Müller-Langer, F., & Miertus, S. (2011). Development of a decision support tool for the assessment of biofuels. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1782-1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.01.011.
Project Management Institute. (2008). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK GUIDE). Newtown Square: PMI.
Roy, B. (1996). Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding nonconvex optimization and its applications. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Shenhar, A. J., & Dvir, D. (2007). Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Boston: Harvard Business.
Smith-Perera, A., García-Melón, M., Poveda-Bautista, R., & Pastorferrando, J. (2010). A Project Strategic Index proposal for portfolio selection in electrical company based on the analytic network process. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(6), 1569-1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.01.022.
Xu, Y., & Yeh, C.-H. (2014). A performance-based approach to project assignment and performance evaluation. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), 218-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.04.006.
Yu, W. (1992). ELECTRE TRI – aspects méthodologiques et guide d'utilisation (Document du LAMSADE, 74). Paris: Université de Paris-Dauphine.
Zavadskas, E., Turskis, Z., Tamošaitiene, J., & Marina, V. (2008). Multicriteria selection of project managers by applying grey criteria. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 14(4), 462-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2008.14.462-477.
Zhang, F., Zuo, J., & Zillante, G. (2013). Identification and evaluation of the key social competencies for Chinese construction project managers. International Journal of Project Management, 31(5), 748-759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.10.011.
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