Determinants of recognition of TRACES certification as valuable opportunity at the farm level in São Paulo, Brazil
Vinholis, Marcela de Mello Brandão; Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de; Carrer, Marcelo José; Chaddad, Fabio Ribas
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.146513
Production, vol.26, n1, p.78-90, 2015
Abstract
TRACES (Trade Control and Expert System) is a veterinary health network created by the European Union to certify and monitor trade of animal products. This research aims to identify the factors that explain why few Brazilian farmers recognized adoption of the TRACES certification as a valuable opportunity. A farm is required to adopt traceability and a set of associated technologies to obtain certification. A sample of 84 beef cattle farms provided data for the testing of the hypotheses by means of a bivariate logit model. The recognition of the opportunity is positively correlated with previous experience with other quality programs, access to up-to-date information, a more diversified life experience, and active participation in relationship networks.
Keywords
Entrepreneurship, Traceability, Agriculture, Technology innovation, Beef cattle
References
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Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman.
Banterle, A., & Stranieri, S. (2008). Information, labelling, and vertical coordination: an analysis of the Italian meat supply networks. Agribusiness, 24(3), 320-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.20169.
Baron, R. A. (2007). Behavioral and cognitive factors in entrepreneurship: entrepreneurs as the active element in new venture creation. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1-2), 167-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sej.12.
Baron, R. A., & Shane, S. A. (2007). Entrepreneurship: a process perspective. South-Western: Thomson.
Block, J., Thurik, R., van der Zwan, P., & Walter, S. (2012). Business takeover or new venture? Individual or environmental determinants from a cross-country study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(5), 1099-1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00521.x.
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Chiles, T. H., Bluedorn, A. C., & Gupta, V. K. (2007). Beyond creative destruction and entrepreneurial discovery: a radical Austrian approach to entrepreneurship. Organization Studies, 28(4), 467-493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606067996.
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 975-990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008. PMid:8250684.
Cocaro, H., & Jesus, J. C. S. (2008). Casos sobre a rastreabilidade bovina em empresas rurais informatizadas: impactos gerenciais. In Proceedings of the 46th Brazilian Congress on Rural Economy, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393553.
Czaja, S. J., Charness, N., Fisk, A. D., Hertzog, C., Nair, S. N., Rogers, W. A., & Sharit, J. (2006). Factors predicting the use of technology: findings from the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE). Psychology and Aging, 21(2), 333-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.333. PMid:16768579.
Doyle, D., Jolly, R., Hornbaker, R., Cross, T., King, R. P., Koller, E. F., Lazarus, W. F., & Yeboah, A. (2000). Case studies of farmers´ use of information systems. Review of Agricultural Economics, 22(2), 566-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1058-7195.00039.
Eckhardt, J. T., & Shane, S. A. (2003). Opportunities and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(3), 333-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(02)00225-8.
Ekelund, J., Johansson, E., Järvelin, M., & Lichtermann, D. (2005). Self-employment and risk aversion: evidence from psychological test data. Labour Economics, 12(5), 649-659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2004.02.009.
Fulponi, L. (2006). Private voluntary standards in the food system: the perspective of major food retailers in OECD countries. Food Policy, 31(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.06.006.
Galliano, D., & Orozco, L. (2011). The determinants of electronic traceability adoption: a firm-level analysis of French agribusiness. Agribusiness, 27(3), 379-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.20272.
Glaeser, E. L., Laibson, D., & Sacerdote, B. (2002). An economic approach to social capital. The Economic Journal, 112(483), F437-F458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00078.
Gonçalves, D. M., & Cloninger, C. R. (2010). Validation and normative studies of the Brazilian Portuguese and American versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory - Revised (TCI-R). Journal of Affective Disorders, 124(1-2), 126-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.11.007. PMid:19942293.
Greene, W. H. (1993). Econometric analysis. New York: MacMillan.
Hartog, J., Praag, M. V., & Sluis, J. V. D. (2010). If you are so smart, why aren’t you an entrepreneur? Returns to cognitive and social ability: entrepreneurs versus employees. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 19(4), 947-989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2010.00274.x.
Hébert, R. F., & Link, A. N. (1988). The entrepreneur: mainstream views and radical critique. New York: Praeger.
Hobbs, J. E. (2004). Information asymmetry and the role of traceability systems. Agribusiness, 20(4), 397-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.20020.
Hoffman, R. (2002). Variável dependente binária: lógite e próbite (Série Didática, No. 1262) Piracicaba: USP/ESALQ.
Hosmer, D. W., & Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471722146.
Karshenas, M., & Stoneman, P. L. (1993). Rank, stock, order, and epidemic effects in the diffusion of new process technologies: an empirical model. The Rand Journal of Economics, 24(4), 503-528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555742.
Klein, P. G. (2008). Opportunity discovery, entrepreneurial action, and economic organization. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(3), 175-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sej.50.
Knudson, W., Wysocki, A., Champagne, J., & Peterson, H. C. (2004). Entrepreneurship and innovation in the agri-food system. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86(5), 1330-1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0002-9092.2004.00685.x.
Lacky, P. (1999). O que pedem os agricultores e o que podem os governos: mendigar dependência ou proporcionar emancipação? Cadernos de Ciência e Tecnologia, 16(2), 157-162.
Markman, G. D., Balkin, D. B., & Baron, R. A. (2002). Inventors and new venture formation: the effects of general self-efficacy and regretful thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), 149-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00004.
McElwee, G. (2005). Developing entrepreneurial skills in agriculture: a literature review on entrepreneurship in Agriculture. Berlin: Entrepreneurial Skills of Farmers.
Nantes, J. F. D., & Machado, J. G. C. F. (2005). Segurança dos alimentos e rastreabilidade: o caso da carne bovina no Brasil. In M. O. Batalha (Ed.), Gestão do agronegócio: textos selecionados (pp. 369-423). São Carlos: EdUFSCar.
Putnam, R. (2001). Social capital: measurement and consequences. Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 41-51.
Rahm, M. R., & Huffman, W. E. (1984). The adoption of reduced tillage: The role of human capital and other variables. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66(4), 405-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1240918.
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press.
Schultz, T. W. (1975). The value of the ability to deal with disequilibria. Journal of Economic Literature, 13(3), 827-846.
Shane, S. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602.
Shane, S. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: the individual-opportunity nexus. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781781007990.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a Field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2000.2791611.
Souza Filho, H. M. (2001). Desenvolvimento agrícola sustentável. In M. O. Batalha (Ed.), Gestão agroindustrial (pp. 585-627). São Paulo: Atlas.
Souza Filho, H. M., Buainain, A. M., Silveira, J. M. F. J., & Vinholis, M. M. B. (2011). Condicionantes da adoção de inovações tecnológicas na agricultura. Revista Cadernos de C&T, 28(1), 223-255.
Souza Filho, H. M., Rosa, F. T., & Vinholis, M. M. B. (2010). Análise da competitividade da cadeia produtiva da carne bovina do estado de São Paulo. Informações Econômicas, 40(3), 16-28.
Souza-Monteiro, D. M., & Caswell, J. A. (2009). Traceability adoption at the farm level: an empirical analysis of the Portuguese pear industry. Food Policy, 34(1), 94-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.07.003.
Trienekens J., & Zuurbier P. (2008). Quality and safety standards in the food industry, developments and challenges. International Journal of Production Economics, 113(1), 107-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.02.050.
Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research in advance. In J. Katz & R. Brockhaus (Eds.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth (pp. 119-138). Greenwich: JAI Press.
Vicente, J. R. (2002). Pesquisa, adoção de tecnologia e eficiência na produção agrícola (Série Discussão). São Paulo: Apta.
Wolf, P., McElwee, G., & Schoorlemmer, H. (2007). The European farm entrepreneur: a comparative perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 4(6), 679-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2007.014979.
Xue, J., & Klein, P. G. (2010). Regional determinants of technology entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 1(3), 291-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2010.030978.
Yang, D. T., & An, M. Y. (2002). Human capital, entrepreneurship, and farm household earnings. Journal of Development Economics, 68(1), 65-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00006-8.
Adan, A., Serra-Grabulosa, J. M., Caci, H., & Natale, V. (2009). A reduced Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-56): psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(7), 687-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.023.
Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Discovery and creation: alternative theories of entrepreneurial action. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1-2), 11-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sej.4.
Audretsch, D. B., Thurik, A. R., Verheul, I., & Wennekers, S. (2002). Entrepreneurship: determinants and policy in a European-US comparison. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b109395.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman.
Banterle, A., & Stranieri, S. (2008). Information, labelling, and vertical coordination: an analysis of the Italian meat supply networks. Agribusiness, 24(3), 320-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.20169.
Baron, R. A. (2007). Behavioral and cognitive factors in entrepreneurship: entrepreneurs as the active element in new venture creation. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1-2), 167-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sej.12.
Baron, R. A., & Shane, S. A. (2007). Entrepreneurship: a process perspective. South-Western: Thomson.
Block, J., Thurik, R., van der Zwan, P., & Walter, S. (2012). Business takeover or new venture? Individual or environmental determinants from a cross-country study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(5), 1099-1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00521.x.
Brasil, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. (2006). 2006 Agricultural Census. Retrieved in June 2012, from http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/agropecuaria/censoagro
Brasil, Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior. (2010a). DEPLA: Foreign Trade Statistics. Brasília. Retrieved in December 2010, from http://www.mdic.gov.br//sitio/interna/interna.php?area=5&menu=1955&refr=608
Brasil, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. (2010b). SISBOV: Brazilian System of Identification and Certification of Bovine and Bubaline Origin. Brasília. Retrieved in February/October 2010, from www.agricultura.gov.br
Bruyat, C., & Julien, P. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 165-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00043-9.
Chiles, T. H., Bluedorn, A. C., & Gupta, V. K. (2007). Beyond creative destruction and entrepreneurial discovery: a radical Austrian approach to entrepreneurship. Organization Studies, 28(4), 467-493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606067996.
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 975-990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008. PMid:8250684.
Cocaro, H., & Jesus, J. C. S. (2008). Casos sobre a rastreabilidade bovina em empresas rurais informatizadas: impactos gerenciais. In Proceedings of the 46th Brazilian Congress on Rural Economy, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393553.
Czaja, S. J., Charness, N., Fisk, A. D., Hertzog, C., Nair, S. N., Rogers, W. A., & Sharit, J. (2006). Factors predicting the use of technology: findings from the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE). Psychology and Aging, 21(2), 333-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.333. PMid:16768579.
Doyle, D., Jolly, R., Hornbaker, R., Cross, T., King, R. P., Koller, E. F., Lazarus, W. F., & Yeboah, A. (2000). Case studies of farmers´ use of information systems. Review of Agricultural Economics, 22(2), 566-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1058-7195.00039.
Eckhardt, J. T., & Shane, S. A. (2003). Opportunities and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(3), 333-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(02)00225-8.
Ekelund, J., Johansson, E., Järvelin, M., & Lichtermann, D. (2005). Self-employment and risk aversion: evidence from psychological test data. Labour Economics, 12(5), 649-659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2004.02.009.
Fulponi, L. (2006). Private voluntary standards in the food system: the perspective of major food retailers in OECD countries. Food Policy, 31(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.06.006.
Galliano, D., & Orozco, L. (2011). The determinants of electronic traceability adoption: a firm-level analysis of French agribusiness. Agribusiness, 27(3), 379-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.20272.
Glaeser, E. L., Laibson, D., & Sacerdote, B. (2002). An economic approach to social capital. The Economic Journal, 112(483), F437-F458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00078.
Gonçalves, D. M., & Cloninger, C. R. (2010). Validation and normative studies of the Brazilian Portuguese and American versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory - Revised (TCI-R). Journal of Affective Disorders, 124(1-2), 126-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.11.007. PMid:19942293.
Greene, W. H. (1993). Econometric analysis. New York: MacMillan.
Hartog, J., Praag, M. V., & Sluis, J. V. D. (2010). If you are so smart, why aren’t you an entrepreneur? Returns to cognitive and social ability: entrepreneurs versus employees. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 19(4), 947-989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2010.00274.x.
Hébert, R. F., & Link, A. N. (1988). The entrepreneur: mainstream views and radical critique. New York: Praeger.
Hobbs, J. E. (2004). Information asymmetry and the role of traceability systems. Agribusiness, 20(4), 397-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.20020.
Hoffman, R. (2002). Variável dependente binária: lógite e próbite (Série Didática, No. 1262) Piracicaba: USP/ESALQ.
Hosmer, D. W., & Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471722146.
Karshenas, M., & Stoneman, P. L. (1993). Rank, stock, order, and epidemic effects in the diffusion of new process technologies: an empirical model. The Rand Journal of Economics, 24(4), 503-528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555742.
Klein, P. G. (2008). Opportunity discovery, entrepreneurial action, and economic organization. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(3), 175-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sej.50.
Knudson, W., Wysocki, A., Champagne, J., & Peterson, H. C. (2004). Entrepreneurship and innovation in the agri-food system. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86(5), 1330-1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0002-9092.2004.00685.x.
Lacky, P. (1999). O que pedem os agricultores e o que podem os governos: mendigar dependência ou proporcionar emancipação? Cadernos de Ciência e Tecnologia, 16(2), 157-162.
Markman, G. D., Balkin, D. B., & Baron, R. A. (2002). Inventors and new venture formation: the effects of general self-efficacy and regretful thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), 149-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00004.
McElwee, G. (2005). Developing entrepreneurial skills in agriculture: a literature review on entrepreneurship in Agriculture. Berlin: Entrepreneurial Skills of Farmers.
Nantes, J. F. D., & Machado, J. G. C. F. (2005). Segurança dos alimentos e rastreabilidade: o caso da carne bovina no Brasil. In M. O. Batalha (Ed.), Gestão do agronegócio: textos selecionados (pp. 369-423). São Carlos: EdUFSCar.
Putnam, R. (2001). Social capital: measurement and consequences. Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 41-51.
Rahm, M. R., & Huffman, W. E. (1984). The adoption of reduced tillage: The role of human capital and other variables. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66(4), 405-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1240918.
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press.
Schultz, T. W. (1975). The value of the ability to deal with disequilibria. Journal of Economic Literature, 13(3), 827-846.
Shane, S. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602.
Shane, S. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: the individual-opportunity nexus. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781781007990.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a Field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2000.2791611.
Souza Filho, H. M. (2001). Desenvolvimento agrícola sustentável. In M. O. Batalha (Ed.), Gestão agroindustrial (pp. 585-627). São Paulo: Atlas.
Souza Filho, H. M., Buainain, A. M., Silveira, J. M. F. J., & Vinholis, M. M. B. (2011). Condicionantes da adoção de inovações tecnológicas na agricultura. Revista Cadernos de C&T, 28(1), 223-255.
Souza Filho, H. M., Rosa, F. T., & Vinholis, M. M. B. (2010). Análise da competitividade da cadeia produtiva da carne bovina do estado de São Paulo. Informações Econômicas, 40(3), 16-28.
Souza-Monteiro, D. M., & Caswell, J. A. (2009). Traceability adoption at the farm level: an empirical analysis of the Portuguese pear industry. Food Policy, 34(1), 94-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.07.003.
Trienekens J., & Zuurbier P. (2008). Quality and safety standards in the food industry, developments and challenges. International Journal of Production Economics, 113(1), 107-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.02.050.
Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research in advance. In J. Katz & R. Brockhaus (Eds.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth (pp. 119-138). Greenwich: JAI Press.
Vicente, J. R. (2002). Pesquisa, adoção de tecnologia e eficiência na produção agrícola (Série Discussão). São Paulo: Apta.
Wolf, P., McElwee, G., & Schoorlemmer, H. (2007). The European farm entrepreneur: a comparative perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 4(6), 679-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2007.014979.
Xue, J., & Klein, P. G. (2010). Regional determinants of technology entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 1(3), 291-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2010.030978.
Yang, D. T., & An, M. Y. (2002). Human capital, entrepreneurship, and farm household earnings. Journal of Development Economics, 68(1), 65-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00006-8.
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