Seleção de métodos para modularização no desenvolvimento de produtos: revisão sistemática
Selection of modularization methods in product development: systematic review
Sonego, Monique; Echeveste, Márcia Soares
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.138413
Production, vol.26, n2, p.476-487, 2016
Resumo
A estratégia de modularização em produtos é mencionada como razão de diversos benefícios para as empresas. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar na literatura os métodos para desenvolvimento da modularização em produtos com o intuito de avaliar sua aplicabilidade e ferramentas utilizadas, visando facilitar a escolha do método para cada empresa. Para atingir estes objetivos foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de acordo com a repetibilidade e importância indicada nos artigos. Como resultado foram identificados seis diferentes métodos para modularização de produtos. Como contribuição do artigo destacam-se a análise dos métodos com relação às etapas para formação dos módulos (decomposição, integração e avaliação) bem como a análise com relação a parâmetros de classificação quanto à área de atuação de cada método (variedade, geração e ciclo de vida). Por fim, este estudo oferece um guia para as empresas, contextualizando ambientes de aplicação e relacionando conhecimentos necessários para aplicação dos métodos.
Palavras-chave
Módulos. Design modular. Desenvolvimento de produtos. Design e desenvolvimento de produtos. Metodologia de design de produtos.
Abstract
The strategy of product modularization is seen as a means to provide several benefits for companies. The objective of this paper is to identify in the literature the methods for developing modularization in products and to assess the applicability of and tools used by these methods, aiming at favoring the method that is the most suitable for each company. To achieve these objectives, a systematic review was performed according to the repeatability and importance described in the papers. Six different methods were identified for product modularization. This paper presents an analysis of the methods in relation to the module formation steps (decomposition, integration and evaluation) and provides an analysis related to classification parameters regarding the field of each method (variety, generation and life cycle). Finally, this study offers guidelines for companies, places application environments into context, and relates the knowledge necessary for applying those methods.
Keywords
Module. Conceptual design. Product development. Product design and development. Product design methodology.
References
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Bi, Z. M., & Zhang, W. J. (2001). Modularity technology in manufacturing: taxonomy and issues. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 18(5), 381-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700170062.
Bonjour, E., Deniaud, S., & Micaelli, J. (2013). A method for jointly drawing up the functional and design architectures of complex systems during the preliminary system-definition phase. Journal of Engineering Design, 24(4), 305-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2012.737457.
Borjesson, F., & Holtta-Otto, K. (2014). A module generation algorithm for product architecture based on component interactions and strategic drivers. Research in Engineering Design, 25(1), 31-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-013-0164-2.
Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B. A., Budgen, D., Turner, M., & Khalil, M. (2007). Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Journal of Systems and Software, 80(4), 571-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.009.
Chandrasekaran, B., Stone, R. B., & Mcadams, D. A. (2004). Developing design templates for product platform focused design. Journal of Engineering Design, 15(3), 209-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544820410001647078.
Cheng, Q., Zhang, G., Gu, P., & Shao, X. (2012). A product module identification approach based on axiomatic design and design structure matrix. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 20(3), 185-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X12453350.
Da Silveira, G., Borenstein, D., & Fogliatto, F. S. (2001). Mass customization: literature review and research directions. International Journal of Production Economics, 72(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(00)00079-7.
Dahmus, J. B., Gonzales-Zugasti, J. P., & Otto, K. N. (2001). Modular product architecture. Design Studies, 22(5), 409-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(01)00004-7.
Daniilidis, C., Enblin, V., Eben, K., & Lindemann, U. (2011). A classification framework for product modularization methods. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design. Denmark.
Daniilidis, H., Bauer, W., & Lindemann, U. (2012). Compendium for modular and platform based architecting. Procedia Computer Science, 8, 220-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.046.
Du, X., Jiao, J., & Tseng, M. M. (2001). Architecture of product family: fundamentals and methodology. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 9(4), 309-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X0100900407.
Duray, R. (2002). Mass customization origins: mass or custom manufacturing? International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(3), 314-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570210417614.
Ericsson, A., & Erixon, G. (1999). Controlling design variants: modular product platforms. Dearborn: ASME Press.
Gershenson, J. K., Prasad, G. J., & Zhang, Y. (2003). Product modularity: definitions and benefits. Journal of Engineering Design, 14(3), 295-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954482031000091068.
Gershenson, J. K., Prasad, G. J., & Zhang, Y. (2004). Product modularity: measures and design methods. Journal of Engineering Design, 15(1), 33-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954482032000101731.
Helmer, R., Yassine, A., & Meyer, C. (2010). Systematic module and interface definition using component design structure matrix. Journal of Engineering Design, 21(6), 647-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544820802563226.
Holmqvist, T. K. P., & Persson, M. L. (2003). Analysis and Improvement of Product Modularization Methods: Their Ability to Deal with Complex Products. Systems Engineering, 6(3), 195-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sys.10046.
Holtta, K. M. M., & Otto, K. N. (2005). Incorporating design effort complexity measures in product architectural design and assessment. Design Studies, 26(5), 463-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2004.10.001.
Holtta-Otto, K., & De Weck, O. (2007). Degree of modularity in engineering systems and products with technical and business constraints. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 15(2), 113-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X07078931.
Huang, M. S., & Hsu, M. K. (2011). Modular design applied to beverage-container injection molds. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 53(1-4), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2796-y.
Jose, A., & Tollenaere, M. (2005). Modular and platform methods for product family design: literature analysis. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 16(3), 371-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-005-7030-7.
Kahn, K. B., Barczak, G., Nicholas, J., Ledwith, A., & Perks, H. (2012). An examination of new product development best practice. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(2), 180-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00888.x.
Kong, F. B., Ming, X. G., Wang, L., Wang, X. H., & Wang, P. P. (2010). On modular products development. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 17(4), 291-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X09353974.
Li, Z., Cheng, Z., Feng, Y., & Yang, J. (2013). An integrated method for flexible platform modular architecture design. Journal of Engineering Design, 24(1), 25-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2012.668614.
Martin, M. V., & Ishii, K. (2002). Design for variety: developing standardized and modularized product platform architectures. Research in Engineering Design, 13, 213-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-002-0020-2.
Meehan, J. S., Duffy, A. H. B., & Whitfield, R. I. (2007). Supporting ‘Design for Re-use’ with modular design. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 15(2), 141-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X07079319.
Miller, T. D., & Elgard, P. (1998). Defining modules, modularity and modularization: evolution of the concept in a historical perspective. In Proceeding of the 13th IPS Research Seminar, Denmark.
Nepal, B., Monplaisir, L., & Singh, N. (2005). Integrated fuzzy logic-based model for product modularization during concept development phase. International Journal of Production Economics, 96(2), 157-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2004.03.010.
Park, J., Shin, D., Insun, P., & Hyemi, H. (2008). A product platform concept development method. Journal of Engineering Design, 19(6), 515-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544820802043583.
Pimmler, T. U., & Eppinger, S. D. (1994). Integration analysis of product decompositions. In Proceedings of the ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Minneapolis, USA.
Pine, B. J. (1993). Mass customization: the new frontier in business competition. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Sand, J. C., Gu, P., & Watson, G. (2002). HOME: House Of Modular Enhancement— a tool for modular product redesign. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 10(2), 153-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X02010002638.
Sered, Y., & Reich, Y. (2006). Standardization and modularization driven by minimizing overall process effort. Computer Aided Design, 38(5), 405-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2005.11.005.
Simpson, T. W., Bobuk, A., Slingerland, L. A., Brennan, S., Logan, D., & Reichard, K. (2012). From user requirements to commonality specifications: an integrated approach to product family design. Research in Engineering Design, 23(2), 14-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-011-0119-4.
Stewart, B., & Yan, X. (2008). Modular product family development within a SME. Global Design to Gain a Competitive Edge, 21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-239-5_3.
Stone, R. B., McAdams, D. A., & Kayyalethekkel, V. J. (2004). A product architecture-based conceptual DFA technique. Design Studies, 25(3), 301-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2003.09.001.
Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., & Crawford, R. H. (2000a). A heuristic method for identifying modules for product architectures. Design Studies, 21(1), 5-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(99)00003-4.
Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., & Crawford, R. H. (2000b). Using quantitative functional models to develop product architectures. Design Studies, 21(3), 239-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(99)00008-3.
Tilstra, A. H., Seepersad, C. C., & Wood, K. L. (2012). A High Definition design structure matrix (HDDSM) for the quantitative assessment of product architecture. Journal of Engineering Design, 23, 767-789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2012.706748.
Ulrich, K. (1995). The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm. Research Policy, 24(3), 419-449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)00775-3.
Yu, T. L., Yassine, A. A., & Goldberg, D. E. (2007). An information theoretic method for developing modular architectures using genetic algorithms. Research in Engineering Design, 18(2), 91-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-007-0030-1.
Zha, X. F., & Sriram, R. D. (2006). Platform-based product design and development: a knowledge-intensive support approach. Knowledge-Based Systems, 19(7), 524-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2006.04.004.
Zhang, W. Y., Tor, S. Y., & Britton, G. A. (2006). Managing modularity in product family design with functional modeling. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 30(7-8), 579-588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0112-z.
Zhuo, L., San, W. Y., & Seng, L. K. (2008). Integrated approach to modularize the conceptual product family architecture. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 36(1-2), 83-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0805-y.
Bi, Z. M., & Zhang, W. J. (2001). Modularity technology in manufacturing: taxonomy and issues. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 18(5), 381-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700170062.
Bonjour, E., Deniaud, S., & Micaelli, J. (2013). A method for jointly drawing up the functional and design architectures of complex systems during the preliminary system-definition phase. Journal of Engineering Design, 24(4), 305-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2012.737457.
Borjesson, F., & Holtta-Otto, K. (2014). A module generation algorithm for product architecture based on component interactions and strategic drivers. Research in Engineering Design, 25(1), 31-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-013-0164-2.
Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B. A., Budgen, D., Turner, M., & Khalil, M. (2007). Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Journal of Systems and Software, 80(4), 571-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.009.
Chandrasekaran, B., Stone, R. B., & Mcadams, D. A. (2004). Developing design templates for product platform focused design. Journal of Engineering Design, 15(3), 209-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544820410001647078.
Cheng, Q., Zhang, G., Gu, P., & Shao, X. (2012). A product module identification approach based on axiomatic design and design structure matrix. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 20(3), 185-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X12453350.
Da Silveira, G., Borenstein, D., & Fogliatto, F. S. (2001). Mass customization: literature review and research directions. International Journal of Production Economics, 72(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(00)00079-7.
Dahmus, J. B., Gonzales-Zugasti, J. P., & Otto, K. N. (2001). Modular product architecture. Design Studies, 22(5), 409-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(01)00004-7.
Daniilidis, C., Enblin, V., Eben, K., & Lindemann, U. (2011). A classification framework for product modularization methods. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design. Denmark.
Daniilidis, H., Bauer, W., & Lindemann, U. (2012). Compendium for modular and platform based architecting. Procedia Computer Science, 8, 220-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.046.
Du, X., Jiao, J., & Tseng, M. M. (2001). Architecture of product family: fundamentals and methodology. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 9(4), 309-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X0100900407.
Duray, R. (2002). Mass customization origins: mass or custom manufacturing? International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(3), 314-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570210417614.
Ericsson, A., & Erixon, G. (1999). Controlling design variants: modular product platforms. Dearborn: ASME Press.
Gershenson, J. K., Prasad, G. J., & Zhang, Y. (2003). Product modularity: definitions and benefits. Journal of Engineering Design, 14(3), 295-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954482031000091068.
Gershenson, J. K., Prasad, G. J., & Zhang, Y. (2004). Product modularity: measures and design methods. Journal of Engineering Design, 15(1), 33-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954482032000101731.
Helmer, R., Yassine, A., & Meyer, C. (2010). Systematic module and interface definition using component design structure matrix. Journal of Engineering Design, 21(6), 647-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544820802563226.
Holmqvist, T. K. P., & Persson, M. L. (2003). Analysis and Improvement of Product Modularization Methods: Their Ability to Deal with Complex Products. Systems Engineering, 6(3), 195-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sys.10046.
Holtta, K. M. M., & Otto, K. N. (2005). Incorporating design effort complexity measures in product architectural design and assessment. Design Studies, 26(5), 463-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2004.10.001.
Holtta-Otto, K., & De Weck, O. (2007). Degree of modularity in engineering systems and products with technical and business constraints. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 15(2), 113-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X07078931.
Huang, M. S., & Hsu, M. K. (2011). Modular design applied to beverage-container injection molds. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 53(1-4), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2796-y.
Jose, A., & Tollenaere, M. (2005). Modular and platform methods for product family design: literature analysis. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 16(3), 371-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-005-7030-7.
Kahn, K. B., Barczak, G., Nicholas, J., Ledwith, A., & Perks, H. (2012). An examination of new product development best practice. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(2), 180-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00888.x.
Kong, F. B., Ming, X. G., Wang, L., Wang, X. H., & Wang, P. P. (2010). On modular products development. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 17(4), 291-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X09353974.
Li, Z., Cheng, Z., Feng, Y., & Yang, J. (2013). An integrated method for flexible platform modular architecture design. Journal of Engineering Design, 24(1), 25-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2012.668614.
Martin, M. V., & Ishii, K. (2002). Design for variety: developing standardized and modularized product platform architectures. Research in Engineering Design, 13, 213-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-002-0020-2.
Meehan, J. S., Duffy, A. H. B., & Whitfield, R. I. (2007). Supporting ‘Design for Re-use’ with modular design. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 15(2), 141-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X07079319.
Miller, T. D., & Elgard, P. (1998). Defining modules, modularity and modularization: evolution of the concept in a historical perspective. In Proceeding of the 13th IPS Research Seminar, Denmark.
Nepal, B., Monplaisir, L., & Singh, N. (2005). Integrated fuzzy logic-based model for product modularization during concept development phase. International Journal of Production Economics, 96(2), 157-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2004.03.010.
Park, J., Shin, D., Insun, P., & Hyemi, H. (2008). A product platform concept development method. Journal of Engineering Design, 19(6), 515-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544820802043583.
Pimmler, T. U., & Eppinger, S. D. (1994). Integration analysis of product decompositions. In Proceedings of the ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Minneapolis, USA.
Pine, B. J. (1993). Mass customization: the new frontier in business competition. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Sand, J. C., Gu, P., & Watson, G. (2002). HOME: House Of Modular Enhancement— a tool for modular product redesign. Concurrent Engineering, Research and Applications, 10(2), 153-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293X02010002638.
Sered, Y., & Reich, Y. (2006). Standardization and modularization driven by minimizing overall process effort. Computer Aided Design, 38(5), 405-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2005.11.005.
Simpson, T. W., Bobuk, A., Slingerland, L. A., Brennan, S., Logan, D., & Reichard, K. (2012). From user requirements to commonality specifications: an integrated approach to product family design. Research in Engineering Design, 23(2), 14-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-011-0119-4.
Stewart, B., & Yan, X. (2008). Modular product family development within a SME. Global Design to Gain a Competitive Edge, 21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-239-5_3.
Stone, R. B., McAdams, D. A., & Kayyalethekkel, V. J. (2004). A product architecture-based conceptual DFA technique. Design Studies, 25(3), 301-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2003.09.001.
Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., & Crawford, R. H. (2000a). A heuristic method for identifying modules for product architectures. Design Studies, 21(1), 5-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(99)00003-4.
Stone, R. B., Wood, K. L., & Crawford, R. H. (2000b). Using quantitative functional models to develop product architectures. Design Studies, 21(3), 239-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(99)00008-3.
Tilstra, A. H., Seepersad, C. C., & Wood, K. L. (2012). A High Definition design structure matrix (HDDSM) for the quantitative assessment of product architecture. Journal of Engineering Design, 23, 767-789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2012.706748.
Ulrich, K. (1995). The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm. Research Policy, 24(3), 419-449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)00775-3.
Yu, T. L., Yassine, A. A., & Goldberg, D. E. (2007). An information theoretic method for developing modular architectures using genetic algorithms. Research in Engineering Design, 18(2), 91-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-007-0030-1.
Zha, X. F., & Sriram, R. D. (2006). Platform-based product design and development: a knowledge-intensive support approach. Knowledge-Based Systems, 19(7), 524-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2006.04.004.
Zhang, W. Y., Tor, S. Y., & Britton, G. A. (2006). Managing modularity in product family design with functional modeling. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 30(7-8), 579-588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0112-z.
Zhuo, L., San, W. Y., & Seng, L. K. (2008). Integrated approach to modularize the conceptual product family architecture. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 36(1-2), 83-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0805-y.
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