Gestão da Cadeia de Valor da Inovação em ambientes de baixa intensidade tecnológica
Management of the Innovation Value Chain in low-tech companies
Demonel, Wander; Marx, Roberto
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.104813
Production, vol.25, n4, p.988-999, 2015
Resumo
Neste trabalho propõe-se contribuir para a discussão do tema gestão da inovação em empresas low-tech. A perspectiva da Cadeia de Valor da Inovação aqui adotada, possibilita uma visão ampla da gestão da inovação, não restrita à abordagem tradicional focada no processo de desenvolvimento de produto ou em atividades intensivas em P&D. Através da metodologia de múltiplos casos, buscou-se verificar como essas empresas gerenciam e organizam suas cadeias de inovação e a análise de uma possível convergência com o “modo típico low-tech de inovar” preconizado pela literatura. Os resultados encontrados não sinalizam para a existência de um modo típico de inovar de empresas low-tech vis-à-vis empresas high-tech. De acordo com a análise dos casos, evidências empíricas apontam que embora essas empresas tenham estratégias, objetivos, recursos e demandas diferenciadas, contrariando a literatura e o senso comum, foi constatado que essas elas organizam e gerenciam suas cadeias de inovação de forma muito semelhante, o que não caracterizaria um modo típico low-tech de inovar.
Palavras-chave
Gestão da inovação. Empresas low-tech.
Abstract
This paper discusses innovation management in low-tech companies. The innovation value chain approach, adopted in this paper, provides a broad view of innovation management. It is not restricted to the traditional approach, which is focused on intensive R&D and product development activities. Through the methodology of multiple cases, we analyze how the case study companies manage and organize their innovation chains and consider a possible convergence with the “typical low-tech mode to innovate” present in the literature. The results do not point to the existence of a typical way to innovate for low-tech firms vis-à-vis the high-tech companies. Empirical evidence shows that although these companies have strategies, objectives, resources and differentiated demands, we found that, contrary to both common sense and the literature, these companies organize and manage their supply chain innovation very similarly to high-tech companies, which does not characterize a typical way to innovate.
Keywords
Innovation management. Low-Tech firms.
References
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Chesbrough, H. (2003). The open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard: Harvard Business School Press.
Clark, K. B., & Wheelwright, S. C. (1993). Managing new product and process development: text and cases. New York: The Free Press.
Cooper, R. (1993). Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch (2nd ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories form case studies. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.
Hansen, M. T., & Birkinshaw, J. (2007). The innovation value chain. Harvard Business Review, 85(6), 121-130. PMid:17580654.
Heidenreich, M. (2009). Innovation patterns and location of European low- and medium-technology industries. Research Policy, 38(3), 483-494. Special Issue: Innovation in Low-and Meduim-Technology Industries. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.005
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H. (2006). “Low-technologies”: A forgotten sector in Innovation Policy. In Proceedings of the ProAct Conference “Innovation Pressure”, Tampere, Finnland.
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H. (2008). “Low-tech” Innovations. Industry & Innovation, 15(1), 19-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13662710701850691
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H., Jacobson, D., Laestadius, S., & Keith, S. (2003). Low-tech industries and the knowledge economy: state of the art and research challenges. Oslo: STEP Centre for Innovation Research.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística – IBGE. (2005). Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica (Pintec), análise dos resultados. IBGE
Jensen, M. B., Johnson, B., Lorenz, E., & Lundvall, B. A. (2007). Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation. Research Policy, 36(5), 680-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.006
Köhler, H. (2008). Profit and innovation strategies in low-tech firms. Estudios de Economia Aplicada, 26(3), art 26.
Lima, W. D. (2011). Gestão da Cadeia de Valor da Inovação em Empresas Low-tech (Tese de Doutorado). Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Malerba, F. (2005). Sectoral systems. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery & R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation (pp. 380-406). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Morceiros, P. C., Fornari, V. C. B., Galvao, L., & Gomes, R. (2011). Por que não baixa tecnologia?. In Proceedings of the 9th GLOBELICS International Conference, Buenos Aires.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD. (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data (3rd. ed.). Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pavitt, K. (1984). Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy, 13, 343-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(84)90018-0
Robertson, P., Smith, K., & Tunzelmann, N. V. (2009). Innovation in low-and medium-technology industries. Research Policy, 38(3), 441-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.019
Salerno, M. S., Gomes, L. A. V., Mello, A. M., Freitas, S. L., Lima, W. D., & Vahdat, V. (2010). Organization and management of the expanded innovation value chain. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society, Vancouver.
Santamaría, L., Nieto, M. J., & Barge-Gil, A. (2009). Beyond formal R&D: Taking advantage of other sources of innovation in low- and medium-technology industries. Research Policy, 38(Special Issue: Innovation in Low-and Medium-Technology Industries), 507-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.004
Schmierl, K., & Köhler, H.-D. (2005). Organisational Learning: knowledge management and training in low-tech and medium low-tech companies. Journal for Perspectives on Economic Political and Social Integration, 11(Special Edition 1-2), 171-221.
Teece, D. J., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 537-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/3.3.537-a Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (2008). Gestão da inovação (3. ed.). Porto Alegre: Edit. Bookman.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (2008). Gestão da inovação (3. ed.). Porto Alegre: Edit. Bookman.
Tunzelmann, V. N., & Acha, V. (2005). Innovation in „Low-tech” Industries. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery & R.R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation (pp. 407-432). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K., & Nonaka, I. (2001). Facilitando a criação de conhecimento: reinventando a empresa com o poder da inovação contínua. Rio de Janeiro: Campus. PMCid:PMC1744412.
Bender, G., & Laestadius, S. (2005). Non-science based innovativeness: on capabilities relevant to generate profitable novelty. Journal for Perspectives on Economic Political and Social Integration, 11(1-2), 123-170.
Bender, G. (2006). Peculiarities and Relevance on Non- Research-Intensive Industries in the Knowledge-Based Economy. Final Report of the PILOT project (Policy and Innovation in Low-tech), University of Dortmund. Retrieved from www.pilot-project.org.
Chesbrough, H. (2003). The open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard: Harvard Business School Press.
Clark, K. B., & Wheelwright, S. C. (1993). Managing new product and process development: text and cases. New York: The Free Press.
Cooper, R. (1993). Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch (2nd ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories form case studies. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.
Hansen, M. T., & Birkinshaw, J. (2007). The innovation value chain. Harvard Business Review, 85(6), 121-130. PMid:17580654.
Heidenreich, M. (2009). Innovation patterns and location of European low- and medium-technology industries. Research Policy, 38(3), 483-494. Special Issue: Innovation in Low-and Meduim-Technology Industries. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.005
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H. (2006). “Low-technologies”: A forgotten sector in Innovation Policy. In Proceedings of the ProAct Conference “Innovation Pressure”, Tampere, Finnland.
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H. (2008). “Low-tech” Innovations. Industry & Innovation, 15(1), 19-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13662710701850691
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H., Jacobson, D., Laestadius, S., & Keith, S. (2003). Low-tech industries and the knowledge economy: state of the art and research challenges. Oslo: STEP Centre for Innovation Research.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística – IBGE. (2005). Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica (Pintec), análise dos resultados. IBGE
Jensen, M. B., Johnson, B., Lorenz, E., & Lundvall, B. A. (2007). Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation. Research Policy, 36(5), 680-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.006
Köhler, H. (2008). Profit and innovation strategies in low-tech firms. Estudios de Economia Aplicada, 26(3), art 26.
Lima, W. D. (2011). Gestão da Cadeia de Valor da Inovação em Empresas Low-tech (Tese de Doutorado). Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Malerba, F. (2005). Sectoral systems. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery & R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation (pp. 380-406). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Morceiros, P. C., Fornari, V. C. B., Galvao, L., & Gomes, R. (2011). Por que não baixa tecnologia?. In Proceedings of the 9th GLOBELICS International Conference, Buenos Aires.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD. (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data (3rd. ed.). Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pavitt, K. (1984). Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy, 13, 343-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(84)90018-0
Robertson, P., Smith, K., & Tunzelmann, N. V. (2009). Innovation in low-and medium-technology industries. Research Policy, 38(3), 441-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.019
Salerno, M. S., Gomes, L. A. V., Mello, A. M., Freitas, S. L., Lima, W. D., & Vahdat, V. (2010). Organization and management of the expanded innovation value chain. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society, Vancouver.
Santamaría, L., Nieto, M. J., & Barge-Gil, A. (2009). Beyond formal R&D: Taking advantage of other sources of innovation in low- and medium-technology industries. Research Policy, 38(Special Issue: Innovation in Low-and Medium-Technology Industries), 507-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.004
Schmierl, K., & Köhler, H.-D. (2005). Organisational Learning: knowledge management and training in low-tech and medium low-tech companies. Journal for Perspectives on Economic Political and Social Integration, 11(Special Edition 1-2), 171-221.
Teece, D. J., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 537-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/3.3.537-a Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (2008). Gestão da inovação (3. ed.). Porto Alegre: Edit. Bookman.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (2008). Gestão da inovação (3. ed.). Porto Alegre: Edit. Bookman.
Tunzelmann, V. N., & Acha, V. (2005). Innovation in „Low-tech” Industries. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery & R.R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation (pp. 407-432). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K., & Nonaka, I. (2001). Facilitando a criação de conhecimento: reinventando a empresa com o poder da inovação contínua. Rio de Janeiro: Campus. PMCid:PMC1744412.
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