Sucesso a partir de investimento em metodologias de gestão de projetos
Success obtained from investments in the project management methodology
Patah, Leandro Alves; Carvalho, Marly Monteiro de
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.048312
Production, vol.26, n1, p.129-144, 2015
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o relacionamento entre a adoção de metodologias de gestão de projetos e o sucesso em projetos. A abordagem metodológica envolveu um levantamento de campo longitudinal, conduzido em três países, Argentina, Brasil e Chile, por um período de 3 anos em uma única organização com amplo acesso às informações. Foram obtidos dados de 1.387 projetos. Os resultados demonstram influência positiva e significativa das variáveis capacitação e número de PMPs (Project Management Profissionals) no sucesso dos projetos e influência positiva do uso de metodologias de projetos no desempenho em prazo, indicando benefícios para a organização estudada.
Palavras-chave
Administração de projetos. Indicadores de desempenho. Modelos de maturidade.
Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between the adoption of project management methodologies and the project’s success. The methodological approach includes a longitudinal field research conducted in 3 countries: Argentina, Brazil and Chile, during a period of 3 years, in just one organization with full access to the information. Data from 1387 projects were obtained. The results show a positive and significant influence of the variables training and number of PMPs (Project Management Profissionals) on the success of the projects and a positive influence of the project methodology used on the time results, indicating benefits to the analyzed organization.
Keywords
Project management. Performance indicators. Maturity models.
References
Alves, R. O., Costa, H. G., Quelhas, O. L. G., Silva, L. E., & Pimentel, L. B. (2012). Melhores práticas em implantação de escritório de gerenciamento de projeto: desenvolvimento de referenciais de sucesso. Produção, 23(3), 582-594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000094
Archer, N. P., & Ghasemzadeh, F. (1999). An integrated framework for project portfolio selection. International Journal of Project Management, 17(4), 207-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(98)00032-5
Archibald, R. D. (2003). Managing High-Technology Programs and Projects. New York: John Wiley. Association for Project Management - APM. (2006). APM Body of Knowledge. Buckinghamshire: APM.
Aubry, M., & Hobbs, B. (2010). A Fresh Look at the Contribution of Project Management to Organizational Performance. Project Management Journal, 42(1), 3-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20213
Australian Institute of Project Management - AIPM. (2008). AIPM Professional Competency Standards for Project Management. Sidney: AIPM.
Barber, E. (2004). Benchmarking the management of projects: a review of current thinking. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 301-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2003.08.001
Belout, A., & Gauvreau, C. (2004). Factors influencing project success: The impact of human resource management. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(03)00003-6
Berssaneti, F. T., Carvalho, M. M., & Muscat, A. R. N. (2012). Impacto dos modelos de referência e maturidade no gerenciamento de projetos: estudo exploratório em projetos de tecnologia da informação. Produção, 22(3), 405-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000027
Besner, C., & Hobbs, B. (2013). Contextualized Project Management Practice: A Cluster Analysis of Practices and Best Practices. Project Management Journal, 44(1), 17-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21291
Besner, C., & Hobbs, B. (2012). An empirical identification of project management toolsets and a comparison among project types. Project Management Journal, 43(5), 24-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21292
Besner, C., & Hobbs, B. (2006). The perceived value and potential contribution of project management practices to project success. Project Management Journal, 37(3), 37-48.
Bizan, O. (2003). The determinants of success of R&D projects: Evidence from american-israeli research alliances. Research Policy, 32, 1619-1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00044-1
Bryde, D. J. (2003). Modelling project management performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 20(2), 229-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710310456635
Buchanan, J. (2008). Measuring up. PM Network. Project Management Institute.
Carvalho, M. M., & Mirandola, D. (2007). A comunicação em projetos de TI: uma análise comparativa das equipes de sistemas e de negócios. Produção, 17(2), 330-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132007000200009
Chou, J. S., & Yang, J. G. (2012). Project Management Knowledge and Effects on Construction Project Outcomes: An Empirical Study. Project Management Journal, 43(5), 47-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21293
Cooke-Davies, T. J. (2002). The “real” success factors on projects. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 185-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(01)00067-9
Dai, C. X., & Wells, W. G. (2004). An exploration of project management office features and their relationship to project performance. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 523-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.04.001
Dvir, D., Raz, T., & Shenhar, A. (2003). An empirical analysis of the relationship between project planning and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 21, 89-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00012-1
Dvir, D., Lipovetsky, S., Shenhar, A., & Tishler, A. (1998). In search of project classification: A non-universal approach to project success factors. Research Policy, 27, 915-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00085-7
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24160888
Engineering Advancement Association of Japan - ENAA. (1992). Model Form-International Contract for process plant construction. Tokyo: ENAA.
Gray, R. (2001). Organizational climate and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 19, 103- 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(99)00060-5
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hendricks, K., & Singhal, V. R. (2001). The long-run stock price performance of firms with effective TQM programs. Management Science, 47(3), 359-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.47.3.359.9773
Ibbs, W., & Reginato, J. (2002). Quantifying the value of project management. Project Management Institute Inc., Pennsylvania: Newton Square.
Ibert, O. (2004). Projects and firms as discordant complements: Organisational learning in the Munich software ecology. Research Policy, 33, 1529-1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.08.010
Ika, L. A. (2009). Project success as a topic in project management journals. Project Management Journal, Four Campus Boulevard: Project Management Institute, 40(4), 06-19.
International Project Management Association - IPMA. (2006). ICB – IPMA Competency Baseline. Nijkerk: IPMA.
Jugdev, K., & Muller, R. (2005). A retrospective look at our evolving understanding of project success. Project Management Journal, 36(4), 19-31.
Katz, R., & Allen, T. J. (1985). Project performance and the locus of influence in the R&D matrix. Academy of Management Journal, 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256062
Kendra, K., & Taplin, L. (2004). Project success: A cultural framework. Project Management Journal, 35(1), 30-45.
Kerzner, H. (2001). Project management – A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. New York: John Wiley & Sons. PMid:11176335.
Kessler, H., & Winkellhofer, G. (2002). Projekt-management: Leitfaden zur steuerung und fuhrung von projekten. Heidelberg: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97891-3
Larson, E., & Gobeli, D. (1989). Significance of project management structure on development success. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 36(2), 119-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/17.18828
Ling, F. Y. Y. (2004). How project managers can better control the performance of design-build projects. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 477-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2003.09.003
Lipovetsky, S., Tishler, A., Dvir, D., & Shenhar, A. (2005). The relative importance of project success dimensions. R & D Management, 27(2), 97-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00047
Marconi, M., & Lakatos, E. (2003). Fundamentos de metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas.
McHugh, O., & Hogan, M. (2011). Investigating the rationale for adopting an internationally-recognised project management methodology in Ireland: The view of the project manager. International Journal of Project Management, 29(5), 637-646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.05.001
Moraes, R. O., & Kruglianskas, I. (2012). O gerente de projetos de TI em organizações com níveis de maturidade diferenciados. Produção, 22(4), 839-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000060
Office of Government Commerce - OGC. (1996). PRINCE2 – Projects in Controlled Environments. Londres: OGC.
Papke-Shields, K. E., Beise, C., & Quan, J. (2010). Do project managers practice what they preach, and does it matter to project success? International Journal of Project Management, 28(7), 650-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.11.002
Patah, L. A., & Carvalho, M. M. (2007). Quantifying the value of project management: The actual situation in the it market in Brazil. Ankara: EUROMA.
Pinto, S. A. O. (2002). Gerenciamento de projetos: Análise dos fatores de risco que influenciam o sucesso de projetos de sistemas de informação (Dissertação de Mestrado). Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Project Management Institute - PMI. (2008). A Guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBoK Guide) (4th ed.). Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square.
Project Management Institute - PMI. (2009). PMI today June 2009. Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square.
Rabechini Junior, R., & Carvalho, M. M. (2012). Relacionamento entre gerenciamento de risco e sucesso de projetos. Produção, 23(3), 570-581.
Rad, P. F., & Levin, G. (2006). Metrics for project management – Formalized approaches. Management Concepts. Vienna.
Raz, T., Shenhar, A. J., & Dvir, D. (2002). Risk management, project success, and techonological uncertainty. R & D Management, 32(2), 101-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00243
Repiso, L., Setchi, R., & Salmeron, J. (2007). Modelling IT projects success: Emerging methodologies reviewed. Technovation. In press.
Sanchez-Losado, J. M. (2012). Project management models: lean thought project management. DYNA, 87(2), 214-221.
Silveira, G. A. (2008). Fatores contribuintes para a maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos: Um estudo em empresas brasileiras (Tese de Doutorado). Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Söderlund, J. (2004). Building theories of project management: Past research, questions for the future. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 183-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(03)00070-X
Standish Group International. (2009). CHAOS Summary 2009. Retrieved from http://www.standishgroup.com/.
Thamhain, H. J. (2004). Linkages of project environment to performance: Lessons for team leadership. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 533-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.04.005
Thomas, J., Delisle, C. L., & Jugdev, K. (2002). Selling project management to senior executives. Project Management Institute Inc., Newtown Square.
Thomas, J., & Mullaly, M. (2008). Researching the value of project management. PMI. Pennsylvania: Newtown Square.
White, D., & Fortune, J. (2002). Current practice in project management – An empirical study. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(00)00029-6
Archer, N. P., & Ghasemzadeh, F. (1999). An integrated framework for project portfolio selection. International Journal of Project Management, 17(4), 207-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(98)00032-5
Archibald, R. D. (2003). Managing High-Technology Programs and Projects. New York: John Wiley. Association for Project Management - APM. (2006). APM Body of Knowledge. Buckinghamshire: APM.
Aubry, M., & Hobbs, B. (2010). A Fresh Look at the Contribution of Project Management to Organizational Performance. Project Management Journal, 42(1), 3-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20213
Australian Institute of Project Management - AIPM. (2008). AIPM Professional Competency Standards for Project Management. Sidney: AIPM.
Barber, E. (2004). Benchmarking the management of projects: a review of current thinking. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 301-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2003.08.001
Belout, A., & Gauvreau, C. (2004). Factors influencing project success: The impact of human resource management. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(03)00003-6
Berssaneti, F. T., Carvalho, M. M., & Muscat, A. R. N. (2012). Impacto dos modelos de referência e maturidade no gerenciamento de projetos: estudo exploratório em projetos de tecnologia da informação. Produção, 22(3), 405-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000027
Besner, C., & Hobbs, B. (2013). Contextualized Project Management Practice: A Cluster Analysis of Practices and Best Practices. Project Management Journal, 44(1), 17-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21291
Besner, C., & Hobbs, B. (2012). An empirical identification of project management toolsets and a comparison among project types. Project Management Journal, 43(5), 24-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21292
Besner, C., & Hobbs, B. (2006). The perceived value and potential contribution of project management practices to project success. Project Management Journal, 37(3), 37-48.
Bizan, O. (2003). The determinants of success of R&D projects: Evidence from american-israeli research alliances. Research Policy, 32, 1619-1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00044-1
Bryde, D. J. (2003). Modelling project management performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 20(2), 229-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710310456635
Buchanan, J. (2008). Measuring up. PM Network. Project Management Institute.
Carvalho, M. M., & Mirandola, D. (2007). A comunicação em projetos de TI: uma análise comparativa das equipes de sistemas e de negócios. Produção, 17(2), 330-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132007000200009
Chou, J. S., & Yang, J. G. (2012). Project Management Knowledge and Effects on Construction Project Outcomes: An Empirical Study. Project Management Journal, 43(5), 47-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21293
Cooke-Davies, T. J. (2002). The “real” success factors on projects. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 185-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(01)00067-9
Dai, C. X., & Wells, W. G. (2004). An exploration of project management office features and their relationship to project performance. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 523-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.04.001
Dvir, D., Raz, T., & Shenhar, A. (2003). An empirical analysis of the relationship between project planning and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 21, 89-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00012-1
Dvir, D., Lipovetsky, S., Shenhar, A., & Tishler, A. (1998). In search of project classification: A non-universal approach to project success factors. Research Policy, 27, 915-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00085-7
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24160888
Engineering Advancement Association of Japan - ENAA. (1992). Model Form-International Contract for process plant construction. Tokyo: ENAA.
Gray, R. (2001). Organizational climate and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 19, 103- 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(99)00060-5
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hendricks, K., & Singhal, V. R. (2001). The long-run stock price performance of firms with effective TQM programs. Management Science, 47(3), 359-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.47.3.359.9773
Ibbs, W., & Reginato, J. (2002). Quantifying the value of project management. Project Management Institute Inc., Pennsylvania: Newton Square.
Ibert, O. (2004). Projects and firms as discordant complements: Organisational learning in the Munich software ecology. Research Policy, 33, 1529-1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.08.010
Ika, L. A. (2009). Project success as a topic in project management journals. Project Management Journal, Four Campus Boulevard: Project Management Institute, 40(4), 06-19.
International Project Management Association - IPMA. (2006). ICB – IPMA Competency Baseline. Nijkerk: IPMA.
Jugdev, K., & Muller, R. (2005). A retrospective look at our evolving understanding of project success. Project Management Journal, 36(4), 19-31.
Katz, R., & Allen, T. J. (1985). Project performance and the locus of influence in the R&D matrix. Academy of Management Journal, 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256062
Kendra, K., & Taplin, L. (2004). Project success: A cultural framework. Project Management Journal, 35(1), 30-45.
Kerzner, H. (2001). Project management – A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. New York: John Wiley & Sons. PMid:11176335.
Kessler, H., & Winkellhofer, G. (2002). Projekt-management: Leitfaden zur steuerung und fuhrung von projekten. Heidelberg: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97891-3
Larson, E., & Gobeli, D. (1989). Significance of project management structure on development success. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 36(2), 119-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/17.18828
Ling, F. Y. Y. (2004). How project managers can better control the performance of design-build projects. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 477-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2003.09.003
Lipovetsky, S., Tishler, A., Dvir, D., & Shenhar, A. (2005). The relative importance of project success dimensions. R & D Management, 27(2), 97-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00047
Marconi, M., & Lakatos, E. (2003). Fundamentos de metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas.
McHugh, O., & Hogan, M. (2011). Investigating the rationale for adopting an internationally-recognised project management methodology in Ireland: The view of the project manager. International Journal of Project Management, 29(5), 637-646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.05.001
Moraes, R. O., & Kruglianskas, I. (2012). O gerente de projetos de TI em organizações com níveis de maturidade diferenciados. Produção, 22(4), 839-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-65132012005000060
Office of Government Commerce - OGC. (1996). PRINCE2 – Projects in Controlled Environments. Londres: OGC.
Papke-Shields, K. E., Beise, C., & Quan, J. (2010). Do project managers practice what they preach, and does it matter to project success? International Journal of Project Management, 28(7), 650-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.11.002
Patah, L. A., & Carvalho, M. M. (2007). Quantifying the value of project management: The actual situation in the it market in Brazil. Ankara: EUROMA.
Pinto, S. A. O. (2002). Gerenciamento de projetos: Análise dos fatores de risco que influenciam o sucesso de projetos de sistemas de informação (Dissertação de Mestrado). Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Project Management Institute - PMI. (2008). A Guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBoK Guide) (4th ed.). Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square.
Project Management Institute - PMI. (2009). PMI today June 2009. Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square.
Rabechini Junior, R., & Carvalho, M. M. (2012). Relacionamento entre gerenciamento de risco e sucesso de projetos. Produção, 23(3), 570-581.
Rad, P. F., & Levin, G. (2006). Metrics for project management – Formalized approaches. Management Concepts. Vienna.
Raz, T., Shenhar, A. J., & Dvir, D. (2002). Risk management, project success, and techonological uncertainty. R & D Management, 32(2), 101-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00243
Repiso, L., Setchi, R., & Salmeron, J. (2007). Modelling IT projects success: Emerging methodologies reviewed. Technovation. In press.
Sanchez-Losado, J. M. (2012). Project management models: lean thought project management. DYNA, 87(2), 214-221.
Silveira, G. A. (2008). Fatores contribuintes para a maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos: Um estudo em empresas brasileiras (Tese de Doutorado). Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Söderlund, J. (2004). Building theories of project management: Past research, questions for the future. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 183-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(03)00070-X
Standish Group International. (2009). CHAOS Summary 2009. Retrieved from http://www.standishgroup.com/.
Thamhain, H. J. (2004). Linkages of project environment to performance: Lessons for team leadership. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 533-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.04.005
Thomas, J., Delisle, C. L., & Jugdev, K. (2002). Selling project management to senior executives. Project Management Institute Inc., Newtown Square.
Thomas, J., & Mullaly, M. (2008). Researching the value of project management. PMI. Pennsylvania: Newtown Square.
White, D., & Fortune, J. (2002). Current practice in project management – An empirical study. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(00)00029-6
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